Epidemic Trends of Tuberculosis in China from 1990 to 2017: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Trends of prevalence, incidence, and mortality by different types of tuberculosis in China, 1990–2017. (A) Tuberculosis; (B) drug-susceptible tuberculosis; (C) extensively drug-resistant; (D) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Table 1 The Epidemic Trends of Tuberculosis in China, 1990–2017

Type	Metric	Index	Period	Value and 95% CI	P value
Tuberculosis	Prevalence	APC	1990–1994	−1.6 (−1.8, −1.4)	<0.05
			1994–2000	0.8 (0.6, 0.9)	<0.05
			2000–2005	−3.1 (−3.3, −2.9)	<0.05
			2005–2010	2.2 (2.0, 2.5)	<0.05
			2010–2014	−0.1 (−0.4, 0.2)	>0.05
			2014–2017	−2.4 (−2.7, −2.1)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−0.5 (−0.6, −0.5)	<0.05
	Incidence	APC	1990–1992	1.2 (−0.4, 2.9)	>0.05
			1992–1995	−0.5 (−2.0, 1.2)	>0.05
			1995–2006	−3.4 (−3.5, −3.2)	<0.05
			2006–2010	−7.9 (−8.8, −6.9)	<0.05
			2010–2014	−3.4 (−4.5, −2.3)	<0.05
			2014–2017	−1.7 (−2.8, −0.5)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−3.2 (−3.5, −2.9)	<0.05
	Mortality	APC	1990–1992	−2.8 (−4.9, −0.6)	<0.05
			1992–2004	−6.3 (−6.4, −6.1)	<0.05
			2004–2007	−11.1 (−14.1, −7.9)	<0.05
			2007–2013	−5.4 (−6.2, −4.5)	<0.05
			2013–2017	−1.9 (−3.3, −0.4)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−5.7 (−6.2, −5.3)	<0.05
Drug-susceptible tuberculosis	Prevalence	APC	1990–1994	−3.2 (−3.5, −3.0)	<0.05
			1994–2001	0.3 (0.2, 0.5)	<0.05
			2001–2005	−3.3 (−3.7, −3.0)	<0.05
			2005–2010	3.0 (2.7, 3.2)	<0.05
			2010–2014	0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)	>0.05
			2014–2017	−2.3 (−2.6, −1.9)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−0.6 (−0.7, −0.5)	<0.05
	Incidence	APC	1990–1996	−1.7 (−1.8, −1.6)	<0.05
			1996–1999	−4.1 (−4.6, −3.5)	<0.05
			1999–2006	−2.8 (−2.9, −2.7)	<0.05
			2006–2010	−7.3 (−7.6, −7.0)	<0.05
			2010–2014	−3 (−3.4, −2.7)	<0.05
			2014–2017	−1.6 (−2.0, −1.2)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−3.3 (−3.4, −3.2)	<0.05
	Mortality	APC	1990–1992	−7.3 (−9.4, −5.0)	<0.05
			1992–1996	−8.8 (−10.1, −7.6)	<0.05
			1996–2004	−5.9 (−6.3, −5.5)	<0.05
			2004–2007	−9.9 (−13.4, −6.2)	<0.05
			2007–2012	−4.3 (−5.6, −2.9)	<0.05
			2012–2017	−2.1 (−3.1, −1.0)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−5.9 (−6.4, −5.4)	<0.05
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis	Prevalence	APC	1990–1992	58.3 (45.7, 72.0)	<0.05
			1992–1995	13.7 (8.1, 19.7)	<0.05
			1995–2000	0.1 (−1.4, 1.5)	>0.05
			2000–2017	−5.7 (−5.9, −5.5)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	1.2 (0.3, 2.0)	<0.05
	Incidence	APC	1990–1992	64.4 (52.2, 77.6)	<0.05
			1992–1995	13.1 (8.0, 18.4)	<0.05
			1995–2005	−5.5 (−5.9, −5.1)	<0.05
			2005–2011	−15.2 (−16.5, −13.9)	<0.05
			2011–2017	−6.8 (−8.4, −5.3)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−2.3 (−3.1, −1.4)	<0.05
	Mortality	APC	1990–1992	43.9 (38.8, 49.3)	<0.05
			1992–1995	7.2 (4.5, 10.0)	<0.05
			1995–2002	−7 (−7.4, −6.6)	<0.05
			2002–2013	−13.5 (−13.8, −13.2)	<0.05
			2013–2017	−4.7 (−6.8, −2.6)	<0.05
		AAPC	1990–2017	−4.9 (−5.4, −4.5)	<0.05
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	Prevalence	APC	1991–1993	84.4 (73.0, 96.4)	<0.05
			1993–1996	35.2 (31.2, 39.4)	<0.05
			1996–1999	24.8 (22.3, 27.3)	<0.05
			1999–2004	4.7 (4.2, 5.3)	<0.05
			2004–2012	1.2 (1.0, 1.4)	<0.05
			2012–2017	−1.1 (−1.4, −0.7)	<0.05
		AAPC	1991–2017	12.5 (11.9, 13.2)	<0.05
	Incidence	APC	1991–1993	77.3 (56.3, 101.0)	<0.05
			1993–1998	24.8 (22.5, 27.2)	<0.05
			1998–2002	6.6 (4.4, 8.8)	<0.05
			2002–2006	0.8 (−1.1, 2.8)	>0.05
			2006–2010	−11.1 (−12.9, −9.2)	<0.05
			2010–2017	−2.5 (−3.1, −1.9)	<0.05
		AAPC	1991–2017	7.6 (6.5, 8.7)	<0.05
	Mortality	APC	1993–1995	78.5 (65, 93.2)	<0.05
			1995–1998	18.3 (13.4, 23.4)	<0.05
			1998–2003	3.9 (2.7, 5.0)	<0.05
			2003–2014	−7.6 (−7.9, −7.3)	<0.05
			2014–2017	2.4 (−0.1, 5.0)	>0.05
		AAPC	1993–2017	4.5 (3.6, 5.4)	<0.05

Abbreviations: AAPC, average annual percent change; APC, annual percent change.

Figure 2 Average annual percent changes of prevalence, incidence, and mortality among different age groups by different types of tuberculosis in China. (A) Tuberculosis; (B) drug-susceptible tuberculosis; (C) extensively drug-resistant; (D) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Figure 3 Heat maps of prevalence, incidence, and mortality among different age groups by different types of tuberculosis in China, 1990–2017. (A) Tuberculosis; (B) drug-susceptible tuberculosis; (C) extensively drug-resistant; (D) multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Figure 4 Trends of mortality to incidence ratios by different types of tuberculosis in China, 1990–2017.