Inappropriate Antibiotic Use Among Inpatients Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia: Implication for Future Use

Figures & data

Table 1 List of Antibiotics Prescribed to Hospitalized Patients Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, from September 2018 to April 2019

Antibiotics	Frequency	Percent
Penicillins	52	11.04
Cloxacillin	35	67.3
Augmentin	17	32.7
Cephalosporins	168	35.7
Ceftriaxone	168	100
Nitroimidazoles	105	22.3
Metronidazole	105	100
Glycopeptides	50	10.6
Vancomycin	50	10.6
Fluoroquinolones	18	3.8
Ciprofloxacin	18	100
Cephal, nitroimidazoles	16	3.4
Ceftriaxone and metronidazole	16	100
Cephal, glycopeptides	15	3.2
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin	15	100
Cephal, macrolides	14	3.0
Ceftriaxone and azithromycin	14	100
Tetracyclines	12	2.5
Doxycycline	12	100
Cephal, nitro, macrolides	11	2.3
Ceftriaxone, metronidazole and azithromycin	11	100
Penicillins, macrolides	10	2.0
Ampicillin and erythromycin	10	100
Total	471	100.0

Note: Bold face indicates class of antibiotics.

Table 2 Indications for Antibiotic Use Among Patients Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, from September 2018 to April 2019

Antibiotics	Type of Infection/Prophylaxis							Total
	Skin and Soft Tissue	Genitourinary	Gastrointestinal	Bloodstream	Preoperative	Respiratory Tract	CNS
Ceftriaxone	33	63	7	10	46	5	4	168
Metronidazole	32	22	10	8	26	7	0	105
Vancomycin	0	4	5	4	0	37	0	50
Cloxacillin	1	24	4	1	0	3	2	35
Ciprofloxacin	1	1	0	2	1	1	12	18
Augmentin	6	9	1	1	0	0	0	17
Ceftriaxone and metronidazole	3	0	2	0	2	9	0	16
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin	4	9	1	0	0	0	1	15
Ceftriaxone and azithromycin	1	5	3	3	0	2	0	14
Doxycycline	5	1	0	0	6	0	0	12
Ceftriaxone, metronidazole, azithromycin	0	0	1	4	0	0	6	11
Ampicillin and erythromycin	1	0	1	3	0	2	3	10
Total	87	138	35	36	81	66	28	471

Table 3 Appropriateness of Antibiotic Use Among Patients Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, from September 2018 to April 2019

Antibiotics	Appropriate, N (%)	Incorrect Drug, N (%)	Inappropriate Dosage, N (%)	Total, N (%)
Ceftriaxone	127 (75.6)	13 (7.7)	28 (16.7)	168 (35.7)
Metronidazole	77 (73.3)	6	22 (21)	105 (22.3)
Vancomycin	36 (72)	9	5	50 (10.6)
Cloxacillin	21 (60)	7	7	35 (7.4)
Ciprofloxacin	12 (66.7)	1	5	18 (3.8)
Augmentin	9	4	4	17 (3.6)
Ceftriaxone and metronidazole	7	7	2	16 (3.4)
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin	9	3	3	15 (3.2)
Ceftriaxone and azithromycin	10	2	2	14 (3)
Doxycycline	8	1	3	12 (2.5)
Ceftriaxone, metronidazole, azithromycin	9	1	1	11 (2.3)
Ampicillin and erythromycin	4	2	4	10 (2)
Total	329 (70)	56 (12)	86 (18)	471 (100)

Table 4 Indication and Appropriateness of Antibiotic Use Among Patients Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale-Goba, from September 2018 to April 2019

Type of Diagnosis	Appropriate, N (%)	Inappropriate, N (%)	Total, N (%)
Genitourinary infection	96 (69.6)	42 (30.4)	138 (29.3)
Skin and soft tissue infection	65 (74.7)	22 (25.3)	87 (18.5)
Preoperative prophylaxis	67 (82.7)	14 (17.3)	81 (17.2)
Respiratory tract infection	40 (60.6)	26 (39.4)	66 (14.0)
Gastrointestinal infection	25 (69.4)	11 (30.6)	36 (7.7)
Bloodstream infection	24 (66.7)	12 (33.3)	36 (7.7)
CNS infection	13 (48.1)	14 (51.9)	27 (5.7)
Total	330 (70)	141 (30)	471 (100)