Retrospective Study of the Etiology and Risk Factors of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome After Systematic Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients Characteristics in the SIRS Group and Non-SIRS Group

Parameters		SIRS Group (n = 25)	Non-SIRS Group (n = 304)	P value
Age (years)		70.08 ± 7.27	69.59 ± 9.23	0.797
BMI (kg/m^2)	≥25	21 (84.00%)	96 (31.57%)
	<25	4 (16.00%)	208 (68.43%)	<0.001
Diabetes (n, %)	Yes	14 (56.00)	32 (10.52)
	No	11 (44.00)	272 (89.47)	<0.001
Hypertension (n, %)	Yes	7 (28.00)	85 (19.08)
	No	18 (72.00)	219 (72.02)	0.997
coronary heart disease (n, %)	Yes	2 (8.00)	23 (7.57)
	No	23 (92.00)	281 (92.43)	0.937
PSA (μg/L)		32.73 ± 27.78	30.55 ± 37.57	0.777
f-PSA (μg/L)		4.03 ± 2.49	7.37 ± 10.99	0.131
fPSA/PSA		0.15 ± 0.11	0.17 ± 0.12	0.517
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)	≥20	13 (52.00)	63 (20.72%)
	<20	12 (48.00)	241 (79.28%)	0.001
Urea (mmol/L)		6.51 ± 3.43	6.31 ± 2.45	0.699
Creatinine (μmol/L)		110.67 ± 75.27	91.24 ± 46.37	0.356
eGFR (mL/min/L)		76.85 ± 22.28	78.94 ± 18.92	0.602
Prostate volume (mL)		50.75 ± 20.66	59.62 ± 41.98	0.297
Preoperative urinary tract infection (n, %)	Yes	14 (56.00)	43 (14.14)
	No	11 (44.00)	264 (85.86)	<0.001
Preoperative indwelling catheter (n, %)	Yes	4 (52.00)	99(14.14)
	No	21(48.00)	205 (85.86)	0.086
Secondary biopsy (n, %)	Yes	3 (12.00)	15 (4.93)
	No	22 (88.00)	288 (94.73)	0.137
History of TURP surgery (n, %)	Yes	1 (4.00)	19 (6.25)
	No	24 (96.00)	285 (93.75)	0.651
Antibiotic abuse within the last 3 months (n, %)	Yes	12 (48.00)	4 (15.46)
	No	13 (52.00)	259 (85.19)	<0.001
Pathologically confirmed malignancy (n, %)	Yes	16 (64.00)	195 (64.15)
	No	9 (36.00)	109 (35.85)	0.988

Table 2 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for SIRS After TRUS-BX

Parameters	OR (95% CI)	P value
Diabetes	5.48 (1.53–19.68)	0.008
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m^2	1.66 (1.34–2.12)	<0.001
Preoperative urinary tract infection	9.19 (2.92–20.93)	<0.001
Antibiotic abuse within the last 3 months	2.77 (0.71–10.58)	0.133
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥ 20 mm/h	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.039

Table 3 Distribution of Bacterial Strains in 24 Positive Specimens

Pathogenic bacteria	Proportion
Escherichia coli	14 (58.33%)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	3 (12.5%)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	3 (12.5%)
Enterococcus faecalis	2 (8.33%)
Staphylococcus epidermidis	1 (4.17%)
Enterobacter cloacae	1 (4.17%)

Table 4 Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Bacterial Strains in 24 Positive Samples

Antibiotics	Sensitive	Medium	Resistance
Imipenem	90.48%	0%	9.52%
Meropenem	95.24%	0%	4.76%
Tigecycline	100%	0%	0%
Teicoplanin	100%	0%	0%
Amikacin	87.50%	0%	12.50%
Piperacillin/tazobactam	85.72%	4.76%	9.52%
Cefoperazone/sulbactam	80.95%	0%	19.05%
Ceftazidime	66.71%	4.72%	28.57%
Ampicillin	19.05%	0%	80.95%
Cefuroxime	38.89%	0%	61.11%
Cefoperazone	47.62%	4.76%	47.62%
Piperacillin	31.58%	0%	68.42%
Tetracycline	28.57%	0%	71.43%
Cefepime	47.62%	9.52%	42.86%
Ciprofloxacin	48.00%	0%	52%
Levofloxacin	52.38%	0%	47.62%
Sulfamethoxazole	40%	0%	60%
Ampicillin/sulbactam	27.78%	22.22%	50.00%
Gentamicin	68.18%	0%	31.82%
Vancomycin	95.46%	0%	4.54%