Current management of parainfluenza pneumonitis in immunocompromised patients: a review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic of the parainfluenza virion.

© 2005, American Society for Clinical Investigation. Reproduced with permission from Moscona A. Entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(7):1688–1698.

Abbreviation: HN, Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein.

Figure 2 Schematic illustration of the parainfluenza life cycle.

© 2005, American Society for Clinical Investigation. Reproduced with permission from Moscona A. Entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(7):1688–1698.

Abbreviation: RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; HPIV, human parainfluenza virus; L, large RNA polymerase protein; M, matrix protein; NP, nucleocapsid protein; P, phosphoprotein.

Table 1 Reports of ribavirin treatment of PIV infection in HSCT patients

Year	Author (ref)	N of PIV cases	N of LRTI	Route of administration	N surviving/N treated (%)	N surviving/N not treated (%)
1992	Wendt et al^Citation27	27	19	Aer	7/9 (78)	14/18 (78)
1996	Lewis et al^Citation17	61	27	Aer	3/5 (60)	51/56 (91)
1997	Sparrelid et al^Citation35	3	2	PO/IV	3/3 (100)	NA
2000	Chakrabarti et al^Citation36	5	4	Aer/PO/IV	5/5 (100)	NA
2001	Chakrabarti et al^Citation25	5	3	PO	4/5 (80)	NA
2001	Elizaga et al^Citation26	24	14	Aer/IV	12/18 (67)	4/6 (67)
2001	Lujan-Zilbermann et al^Citation21	12	7	Not specified	2/3 (67)	9/9 (100)
2001	Nichols et al^Citation22	253	55	Aer +/− IVIG	22/31 (72)	14/24 (58)
2006	Dignan et al^Citation28	24	12	Aer/IV	7/8 (88)	16/16 (100)

Abbreviations: PIV, parainfluenza virus; HSCT, hematopathic stem cell transplant; N, number; LRTI, lower respiritory tract infection; Aer, aerosolized; PO, oral; IV, intravenous; IVIG, intravenous gamma globulin; NA, not available.

Figure 3 Percent mortality broken down by treatment group and presence or absence of co-pathogens.

Figure © 2001, American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Adapted with permission from Nichols WG, Gooley T, Boeckh M. Community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001;7 Suppl:11S–15S.²²

Abbreviation: IVIG, intravenous gammaglobulin.

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