The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children: A Study in an Iranian Children’s Referral Hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of Patient’s Characteristics (n=35)

	N	%
Sex
Female	13	37
Male	22	63
Age (years)
<1	2	6
1–5	9	26
6–10	14	40
11–15	10	29
Blood group
B	5	45
O	4	36
A	2	18
Presenting symptoms and signs
Fever	27	77
Cough	28	80
Vomiting	10	29
Diarrhea	9	26
Tachypnea	4	11
Rhinorrhoea	3	9
Myalgia	5	14
Shortness of breath	10	29
Headache	7	20
Abdominal pain	4	11
Treatment
Oseltamivir	30	86
Hydroxychloroquine	22	63
Azithromycin	18	51
Third-generation cephalosporins	17	49
Kaletra	3	9
Vancomycin	1	3

Table 2 Laboratory Findings of the Patients with COVID-19 Infection on Admission

	Median (IQR)	Range
White blood cell count (×10^9 cells per L)	6.6 (3.5–10.4)	0.67–20.2
Neutrophil count (×10^9 cells per L)	4.0 (1.9–7.2)	0.01–16.8
Lymphocyte count (×10^9 cells per L)	1.5 (0.9–2.1)	0.14–4.18
Red blood cell count (×10^9 cells per L)	4.8 (4.3–5.1)	0.93–6.7
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	12.2 (11.3–13.5)	3.3–14.9
Platelet count (×10^9 cells per L)	273 (169–339)	36–543
Oximetry saturation (%)	87 (74.4–92.9)	22–99
Blood sugar (mg/dL)	109 (93–121)	76–207
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	11 (8–16.5)	4.0–95
Creatinine (µmol/L)	0.6 (0.5–7)	0.2–9.0
Creatine phosphokinase (U/L)	81 (62–149.7)	34–551
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)	594 (446–734)	273–1392
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.3 (8.6–10.2)	6.8–10.5
Phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.6 (8.6–10.2)	2.6–7.9
Magnesium (mg/dL)	1.95 (1.8–2.2)	1.6–4.1
Sodium (mmol/L)	136.5 (135–138.7)	131–143
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.1 (4–4.5)	3.0–6.0
Prothrombin time (s)	13.3 (12.5–14.8)	12.5–23.6
Partial thromboplastin time (s)	37 (32–46.5)	30–120
International normalized ratio	1.1 (1–1.3)	1–2.7
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	13 (3.8–42)	1–520
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)	26 (14–51.5)	5–83
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	22 (19.7–38.2)	14–247
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	14 (10.5–26.7)	7–474
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	0.01 (0.01–0.95)	0.01–9.0

Table 3 Findings at Initial Chest CT and Radiographic Examination

Findings	N	%
CT scan
Normal	3	9
Ground-glass opacities	26	74
Consolidation	6	17
Lobe involvement
LLL	1	3
RLL	3	9
RML	1	3
RUL	2	6
LLL/RUL	5	14
RLL/LLL	4	11
RLL/RML	3	9
RLL/RML/LLL	1	3
RLL/RML/LUL	1	3
RUL/LLL/LUL	1	3
RUL/LUL/RLL	1	3
RLL/RUL/LLL/LUL	1	3
Opacity distributions	11	31
Bilateral lung disease	6	17
Pleural effusion	1	3
Lymphadenopathy	1	3
Chest radiography
Normal	11	31
Consolidation	4	11
Ground-glass opacities	14	40
Central distribution	7	20
Diffuse distribution	11	31
Lobe involvement
LLL	2	6
RLL	2	6
RML	1	3
RML/LLL	2	6
RUL/LLL	1	3
RUL/RML	2	6
RUL/RML/RLL/LLL	1	3

Abbreviations: RUL, right upper lobe; LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; RML, right middle lobe.