Detection and Control of Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus from Febrile Neutropenic Patient

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of 234 Samples Collected from Febrile Neutropenic Patients According to Causative Organism

	Febrile Neutropenic Patients	Number	%
Causative organism	S. aureus	66	28.2
	Other Gram-positive	34	14.5
	Gram-negative	134	57.3

Table 2 Type of Isolates According to Congo Red Test

Colony Color	Result	Conclusion	Number	%
Red and dark red	Negative	Non-slime productive bacteria	18	24.4
Black and brown	Positive	Slime productive bacteria	48	72.7

Table 3 Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Isolated Bacteria Against Ten Antibiotics (Interpretation by Inhibition Zone)

Antibiotic	Inhibition Zone (mm)	No. of Isolates	%	Interpretation
Tetracycline (TE) (30 mg)	<11	18	37.5	Resistant
	12–14	15	31.25	Intermediate sensitive
	>15	15	31.25	Sensitive
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) (5 mg)	<15	42	87.5	Resistant
	16–20	3	6.25	Intermediate sensitive
	>21	3	6.25	Sensitive
Vancomycin (VA) (30 mg)	<9	3	6.25	Resistant
	10–11	24	50	Intermediate sensitive
	>12	21	43.75	Sensitive
Erythromycin (E) (15 mg)	<13	39	81.25	Resistant
	14–22	–	0	Intermediate sensitive
	>23	9	18.75	Sensitive
Ceftriaxone (CRO) (30 mg)	<13	24	50	Resistant
	14–20	15	31.25	Intermediate sensitive
	>21	9	18.75	Sensitive
Levofloxacin (LEV) (5 mg)	<13	9	18.75	Resistant
	14–16	30	62.5	Intermediate sensitive
	>17	9	18.75	Sensitive
Ofloxacin (OFX) (5 mg)	<12	39	81.25	Resistant
	13–16	3	6.25	Intermediate sensitive
	>17	6	12.5	Sensitive
Ampicillin (AM) (10 mg)	<13	36	75	Resistant
	14–16	9	18.75	Intermediate sensitive
	>17	3	6.25	Sensitive
Cefoxitin (FOX) (30 mg)	<21	42	87.5	Resistant
	21–22	3	6.25	Intermediate sensitive
	>22	3	6.25	Sensitive
Linezolid (LZD) (30 mg)	<20	–	0	Resistant
	21–22	12	25	Intermediate sensitive
	>23	36	75	Sensitive

Figure 1 Examination of normal bacterial cells under scanning electron microscope.

Figure 2 Examination of normal bacterial cells under transmission electron microscope.

Figure 3 Examination of treated bacterial cells under scanning electron microscope.

Figure 4 Examination of treated bacterial cells under transmission electron microscope.

Table 4 Distribution of icaA and icaD Genes in Staphylococcal Isolates

Genes	No of Isolates	%
ICaA	18	37.5
IcaD	11	22.9
IcaA and icaD at the same time	5	10.4
Samples carrying at least one ica genes	24	50
Total biofilm-productive S. aureus	48	100

Table 5 Significance of Ages in Cases Carrying at Least One Gene

Age	Both Genes				χ^2	P
	Negative (n = 24)		Positive (n = 24)
	No	%	No	%
1–15y	3	12.5%	0	0%	7.822	0.166
16–30y	5	20.8%	4	16.7%
31–45y	9	37.5%	6	25%
46–60y	4	16.7%	5	20.8%
61–75y	3	12.5%	6	25%
>75y	0	0%	3	12.5%
Mean ± SD	38.92 ± 18.34		51.58 ± 17.90		t = 2.421	0.019*

Note: *Significant P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: FN, febrile neutropenia; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; MASCC, Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer; CBC, complete blood picture; SEM, scanning electron microscope; TEM, transmission electron microscope; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.