Analysis of Influencing Factors and Pharmaceutical Care of Patients with COVID-19 in Fangcang Shelter Hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 116 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

	N (%)
	Total (N=116)	Mild (N=87)	Moderate (N=29)	P-value^a
Age, median (range), years	44 (22–67)	42 (22–61)	50 (32–67)	0.008
Sex
Female	49 (42.2)	37 (42.5)	12 (41.4)	0.914
Male	67 (57.8)	50 (57.5)	17 (58.6)
Comorbidity
Hypertension	15 (12.9)	6 (6.9)	9 (31.0)	0.001
Diabetes	11 (9.5)	5 (5.7)	6 (20.7)	0.017
Hyperlipemia	10 (8.6)	7 (8.0)	3 (10.3)	0.702
Coronary heart disease	6 (5.2)	3 (3.4)	3 (10.3)	0.146
Others	9 (7.8)	6 (6.9)	3 (10.3)	0.548
Sign and symptom
Fever	100 (86.2)	75 (86.2)	25 (86.2)	0.880
Dry cough	68 (58.6)	53 (60.6)	15 (51.7)	0.384
Sputum production	33 (28.5)	26 (30.0)	7 (24.1)	0.552
Fatigue	62 (53.5)	48 (55.2)	14 (48.3)	0.294
Shortness of breath	41 (35.3)	32 (36.8)	9 (31.0)	0.575
Myalgia	66 (56.9)	47 (54.0)	19 (65.5)	0.279
Dyspnea	29 (25.0)	17 (19.5)	12 (41.3)	0.019
Diarrhea	48 (41.4)	31 (35.6)	17 (58.6)	0.029
Others	35 (30.2)	26 (30.0)	9 (31.0)	0.907
Quality of life
Sleep status^b	65 (56.0)	44 (51.6)	21 (72.4)	0.040
Dietary status^c	21 (18.1)	15 (17.2)	6 (23.1)	0.427

Notes: ^aP-values indicate differences between patients with mild and moderate symptoms. P<0.05 denotes statistically significant difference. ^bSleep status refers to poor sleep quality. ^cDietary status refers to poor dietary quality.

Abbreviations: N, number; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 2 Laboratory Findings of 116 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

	Normal Range	Total (N=116)	Mild (N=87)	Moderate (N=29)	P-value^a
White blood cell count, ×10^9/L	3.5–9.5	5.4 (4.1–7.0)	5.6 (4.6–7.1)	4.9 (3.5–6.3)	0.124
Neutrophil count, ×10^9/L	1.8–6.3	3.5 (2.5–4.3)	3.7 (2.6–4.4)	3.1 (2.3–3.8)	0.413
Lymphocyte count, ×10^9/L	1.1–3.2	1.3±0.6	1.5±0.6	0.9±0.3	<0.001
Eosinophils, ×10^9/L	0.02–0.52	0.01 (0.00–0.02)	0.01 (0.00–0.03)	0.01 (0.01–0.03)	0.117
Hemoglobin, g/L	115–150	142 (132–153)	143 (134–153.75)	139 (124–151.00)	0.402
Platelet count, ×10^9/L	125–350	197 (150–245)	209.5 (152.5–243.0)	179 (135.0–289.0)	0.769
hsCRP, mg/L	<4.0	6 (0.9–20.1)	2.6 (0.6–11.5)	17.4 (6.8–45.7)	<0.001
Virus clearance time^b (days)		18.9±8.1	16.7±6.2	25.2±9.7	<0.001

Notes: ^aP-values indicate differences between patients with mild and moderate symptoms. P<0.05 denotes statistically significant difference. ^bVirus clearance time is from the day of positive detection of the nucleic acid to the time when the test was negative (twice).

Abbreviations: N, number; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein.

Table 3 Logistic Regression Analyses of Risk Factors Associated with Mild-to-Moderate Disease

	OR	95% CI	P-value^a
Age	0.97	0.89–1.06	0.496
Hypertension	0.09	0.01–0.72	0.053
Diabetes	0.14	0.01–1.99	0.146
Dyspnea	0.77	0.08–1.33	0.117
Diarrhea	0.95	0.21–4.37	0.952
Sleep status^b	0.31	0.06–1.66	0.171
Lymphocyte count	0.01	0–0.14	0.001
hsCRP	1.007	0.98–1.03	0.569

Notes: ^aP-values indicate differences between patients with mild and moderate symptoms. P<0.05 denotes statistically significant difference. ^bSleep status refers to poor sleep quality.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein.

Table 4 Clinical Medication of 116 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

	N (%)
	Total (N=116)	Mild (N=87)	Moderate (N=29)	P-value^a
Antiviral
Arbidol	74 (63.8)	55 (63.2)	19 (65.5)	0.823
Oseltamivir	100 (86.2)	77 (88.5)	23 (79.3)	0.214
Ribavirin^b	6 (5.2)	5 (5.7)	1 (3.4)	0.628
Antibiotic (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefdinir)	91 (78.4)	64 (73.6)	27 (93.1)	0.026
Traditional Chinese medicine
Lianhua qingwen capsule	110 (94.8)	83 (95.4)	27 (93.1)	0.841
Traditional Chinese medicine decoction	110 (94.8)	83 (95.4)	27 (93.1)	0.841
Antitussives (Suhuang Zhike capsule, compound methoxyphenamine capsule)	37 (31.9)	27 (31.0)	10 (34.5)	0.73
Sedative hypnotic therapy (alprazolam)	44 (37.9)	19 (16.4)	25 (86.2)	<0.001

Notes: ^aP-values indicate differences between patients with mild and moderate. P<0.05 denotes statistically significant difference. ^bPatients in the Fangcang shelter hospital almost treated with oral administration. Patients received ribavirin injection at fever clinics in the early stages of COVID-19.

Abbreviations: N, number; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 5 Drug-Related Adverse Reactions of 116 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

	N (%)
	Total (N=116)	Mild type (N=87)	Moderate type (N=29)
Diarrhea	40 (34.5)	29 (33.3)	11 (37.9)
Nausea and vomiting	38 (32.8)	29 (33.3)	9 (31.0)
Insomnia	20 (17.2)	15 (17.2)	5 (17.2)
Arrhythmia	16 (13.8)	11 (12.6)	5 (17.2)
Constipation	8 (6.9)	4 (4.6)	4 (13.8)
Others	13 (11.2)	9 (10.3)	4 (13.8)

Abbreviations: N, number; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 6 Service Content of Pharmaceutical Intervention

Pharmaceutical Care Service		N (%)
Infection and protection of COVID-19		229 (30.2)
	Inappropriate combination of drugs	58 (13.6)
	Dosage	26 (6.2)
Drug related counseling	Treatment course of antibiotic and antiviral	207 (48.4)
	Drug interaction problems	23 (5.4)
	Adverse reactions	113 (26.4)
Environmental problems in Fangcang hospital		15 (2.0)
Psychological counseling		77 (10.2)
Others		10 (1.3)

Table 7 Effect of Pharmacist Intervention on Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19

	Mild-to-Moderate Rate (%)
Intervention	20.6
Non-intervention	31.7

Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 8 Patient Satisfaction of Pharmaceutical Intervention

Patient Satisfaction Score	N (%)
5: Very Satisfied	73 (62.9)
4: Somewhat Satisfied	25 (21.6)
3: Neutral	8 (6.9)
2: Somewhat Unsatisfied	6 (5.2)
1: Very Unsatisfied	4 (3.4)
Mean (SD) of Scores	4.4 (1.17)