Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Radiological Characteristics Between COVID-19 and Adenovirus Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 or Adenovirus Pneumonia

Characteristics	COVID-19	AdP	P value
	(n=36)	(n=18)
Age (years), median (IQR)	41 (30–55)	34 (25–48)	0.135
Gender, n (%)
Male	18 (50.0)	17 (94.4)
Female	18 (50.0)	1 (5.6)	0.001
Smoking history, n (%)
Current smoker	8 (22.2)	12 (66.7)
Former smoker	1 (2.8)	0 (0.0)
Non-smoker	27 (75.0)	6 (33.3)	0.006
Clinical symptoms, n (%)
Fever	28 (77.8)	18 (100)	0.03
Tmax (°C)	38.0 (37.5–38.5)	40.0 (39.5–40.1)	<0.001
Chills	3 (8.3)	6 (33.3)	0.02
Cough	25 (69.4)	17 (94.4)	0.037
Expectoration	5 (13.9)	14 (77.8)	<0.001
Hemoptysis	0 (0.0)	5 (27.8)	0.001
Fatigue	16 (44.4)	6 (33.3)	0.433
Chest pain	1 (2.8)	3 (16.7)	0.066
Dyspnea	4 (11.1)	9 (50.0)	0.002
Nasal congestion	2 (5.6)	1 (5.6)	0.946
Rhinorrhea	2 (5.6)	1 (5.6)	0.946
Headache	6 (16.7)	7 (38.9)	0.072
Sore throat	3 (8.3)	5 (27.8)	0.058
Myalgia	3 (8.3)	11 (61.1)	<0.001
Conjunctival congestion	2 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0.308
Nausea or vomiting	4 (11.1)	4 (22.2)	0.279
Diarrhea	3 (8.3)	8 (44.4)	0.002
Underlying disease, n (%)
COPD	2 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	0.308
Diabetes	1 (2.8)	0 (0.0)	0.475
Hypertension	3 (8.3)	0 (0.0)	0.208
Coronary heart disease	4 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	0.142
Chronic liver disease	4 (11.1)	2 (11.1)	1
Chronic renal disease	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)	0.153

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; AdP, adenovirus pneumonia; T_max, maximal body temperature; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Laboratory Findings of Patients with COVID-19 or Adenovirus Pneumonia on Admission

Variables	COVID-19	AdP	P value
	(n=36)	(n=18)
PaO2/FiO2 <300 mmHg, n (%)	3 (8.3)	15 (83.3)	<0.001
WBC (×10^9/L), median (IQR)	4.5 (3.6–5.8)	4.6 (3.4–7.5)	0.707
<4×10^9/L, n (%)	14 (38.9)	7 (38.9)	1
>10×10^9/L, n (%)	0 (0.0)	1 (5.6)	0.316
Neutrophils (×10^9/L), median (IQR)	2.8 (2.4–4.4)	4.1 (2.5–6.4)	0.137
Lymphocytes (×10^9/L), median (IQR)	0.98 (0.75–1.44)	0.50 (0.30–0.93)	<0.001
<1.1×10^9/L, n (%)	22 (61.1)	16 (88.9)	0.035
Hemoglobin (g/L), median (IQR)	133.5 (128.3–146.0)	136.5 (126.5–148.3)	0.941
Platelets (×10^9/L), median (IQR)	169 (137–229)	88 (75–195)	0.002
<100×10^9/L, n (%)	1 (2.8)	11 (61.1)	<0.001
PCT >0.5 ng/mL, n (%)	1 (2.8)	14 (77.8)	<0.001
CRP >10 mg/L, n (%)	13 (36.1)	18 (100)	<0.001
ESR >40 mm/h, n (%)	15 (41.7)	8 (44.4)	0.846
AST >40 U/L, n (%)	4 (11.1)	17 (94.4)	<0.001
ALT >40 U/L, n (%)	5 (13.9)	13 (72.2)	<0.001
Tbil >17.1 μmol/L, n (%)	11 (30.1)	6 (33.3)	0.836
LDH >250 U/L, n (%)	18 (50.0)	18 (100)	<0.001
CK ≥200 U/L, n (%)	3 (8.3)	18 (100)	<0.001
Creatinine (μmol/L), median (IQR)	63.0 (52.0–79.5)	90.1 (77.5–128.8)	<0.001
D-dimer >0.5 mg/L, n (%)	5 (13.9)	15 (83.3)	<0.001

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; AdP, adenovirus pneumonia; PaO₂/FiO₂, ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen; WBC, white blood cell; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Tbil, total bilirubin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase.

Table 3 Radiological Features of Patients with COVID-19 or Adenovirus Pneumonia on Chest CT

Radiological Abnormalities	COVID-19	AdP	P value
	(n=36)	(n=18)
Unilateral involvement	10 (27.8)	2 (11.1)
Bilateral involvement	26 (72.2)	16 (88.9)	0.165
Unifocal involvement	3 (8.3)	0 (0.0)
Multifocal involvement	33 (91.7)	18 (100)	0.208
Peripheral distribution	33 (91.7)	0 (0.0)	<0.001
Ground-glass opacity	32 (88.9)	4 (22.2)	<0.001
Patchy shadowing	28 (77.8)	18 (100)	0.03
Interstitial abnormalities	13 (36.1)	1 (5.6)	0.016
Consolidation	1 (2.8)	14 (77.8)	<0.001
Pleural effusion	1 (2.8)	13 (72.2)	<0.001
Pericardial effusion	0 (0.0)	3 (16.7)	0.012
Lymphadenopathy	1 (2.8)	6 (33.3)	0.002

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; AdP, adenovirus pneumonia.

Figure 1 Representative chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 or adenoviral pneumonia. (A) Chest CT of COVID-19 showing multiple peripherally distributed ground-glass opacities in bilateral lung. (B) Chest CT of adenovirus pneumonia showing bilateral consolidation and left-sided pleural effusion.