Adherence to the Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Tertiary Care Hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan

Figures & data

Figure 1 Percentage of public and private tertiary care hospitals in each defined category of adherence for facilities’ indicators.

Table 1 Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotics Stewardship for Facilities

	Mean (SD)	Subgroup Analysis
		Public Hospitals Mean (SD)	Private Hospitals Mean (SD)	t* (p-value)
Commitment	1.58 (1.00)	1.50 (0.96)	1.65 (1.05)	−0.51 (0.84)
Action	1.42 (1.39)	1.41 (1.14)	1.42 (1.57)	−0.03 (0.21)
Tracking and Reporting	0.92 (1.04)	0.64 (0.95)	1.13 (1.06)	−1.77 (0.05)
Education and Expertise	1.66 (1.12)	1.41 (1.01)	1.84 (1.19)	−1.38 (0.73)
Total score	5.58 (2.97)	4.95 (2.95)	6.03 (2.95)	−1.31 (0.37)
Adherence Score Category	Moderate	Poor	Moderate	-

Notes: *Independent t-test. Bold values indicate statistical significance.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2 Percentage of public and private tertiary care hospitals in each defined category of adherence for clinicians’ indicators.

Table 2 Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotics Stewardship for Clinicians

	Mean (SD)	Subgroup Analysis
		Public Hospitals Mean (SD)	Private Hospitals Mean (SD)	t* (p-value)
Commitment	1.17 (0.99)	1.27 (0.98)	1.10 (1.01)	0.63 (0.22)
Action	1.60 (0.97)	1.50 (1.10)	1.68 (0.87)	−0.63 (0.05)
Tracking and Reporting	1.64 (0.94)	1.45 (1.06)	1.77 (0.84)	−1.18 (0.03)
Education and Expertise	2.02 (1.10)	1.82 (0.96)	2.16 (1.19)	−1.12 (0.37)
Total score	6.43 (2.61)	6.05 (2.63)	6.71 (2.61)	−0.91 (0.93)
Adherence Score Category	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

Notes: *Independent t-test. Bold values indicate statistical significance.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.