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Original Research

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and Salmonella Species Recovered from Diarrheal Patients in Selected Rural Communities of the Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 4615-4626 | Published online: 22 Dec 2020

Figures & data

Table 1 Primer Sequences for the Confirmation of Diarrheagenic E. coli and Salmonella Isolates

Table 2 A Panel of Commercial Antimicrobial Disc Used for Susceptibility Testing of Diarrheagenic E. coli Isolates

Table 3 A Panel of Commercial Antimicrobial Disc Used for Susceptibility Testing of Salmonella Isolates

Table 4 Oligonucleotides Sequences for the Detection of Resistance Gene Determinants

Figure 1 Representative Gel electrophoresis image of the confirmed DEC isolates recovered from diarrheagenic stool specimens. Lane (M) Molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 12: Some of the positive diarrheagenic E. coli isolates.

Figure 1 Representative Gel electrophoresis image of the confirmed DEC isolates recovered from diarrheagenic stool specimens. Lane (M) Molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 12: Some of the positive diarrheagenic E. coli isolates.

Figure 2 Representative Gel electrophoresis image of the confirmed Salmonella isolates recovered from diarrheagenic stool specimens. Lane (M) Molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: positive control S. enterica subsp. Typhimurium (DSMZ 14028), lane 2: negative control, lane 3 to 13: Some of the positive Salmonella isolates.

Figure 2 Representative Gel electrophoresis image of the confirmed Salmonella isolates recovered from diarrheagenic stool specimens. Lane (M) Molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: positive control S. enterica subsp. Typhimurium (DSMZ 14028), lane 2: negative control, lane 3 to 13: Some of the positive Salmonella isolates.

Table 5 Patterns of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistance Phenotypes (MARPs) of Diarrheagenic E. coli

Table 6 Patterns of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistance Phenotypes (MARPs) of Salmonella Isolates

Figure 3 Gel electrophoresis representation of β-Lactam resistance genes ampC (198 bp) detected in DEC and Salmonella isolates. Lane (M) Molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 13: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of ampC (198 bp) from the β- Lactams -resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates.

Figure 3 Gel electrophoresis representation of β-Lactam resistance genes ampC (198 bp) detected in DEC and Salmonella isolates. Lane (M) Molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 13: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of ampC (198 bp) from the β- Lactams -resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates.

Figure 4 A representative gel electrophoresis profile of some β- Lactam resistant genes detected in DEC and Salmonella isolates. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 13: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of blaTEM (690 bp) from the β-Lactams -resistant DEC.

Figure 4 A representative gel electrophoresis profile of some β- Lactam resistant genes detected in DEC and Salmonella isolates. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo Scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 13: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of blaTEM (690 bp) from the β-Lactams -resistant DEC.

Figure 5 An illustrative gel electrophoresis image with the genetic expression of the aadA (525 bp) resistant gene among the aminoglycosides-resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 11: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of aadA (525 bp) from aminoglycoside-resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates.

Figure 5 An illustrative gel electrophoresis image with the genetic expression of the aadA (525 bp) resistant gene among the aminoglycosides-resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 11: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of aadA (525 bp) from aminoglycoside-resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates.

Figure 6 An illustrative gel electrophoresis image for the detection of sulI (822 bp) resistance gene from the sulfonamide-resistant DEC. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 13: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of sulI (822 bp) from the sulfonamide-resistant DEC.

Figure 6 An illustrative gel electrophoresis image for the detection of sulI (822 bp) resistance gene from the sulfonamide-resistant DEC. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 13: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of sulI (822 bp) from the sulfonamide-resistant DEC.

Figure 7 An illustrative gel electrophoresis for the detection of sulII (625 bp) resistance gene. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 10: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of sulII (625 bp) from the sulfonamide-resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates.

Figure 7 An illustrative gel electrophoresis for the detection of sulII (625 bp) resistance gene. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), lane 1: negative control, lane 2 to 10: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of sulII (625 bp) from the sulfonamide-resistant DEC and Salmonella isolates.

Figure 8 A representative gel electrophoresis image for the detection tet A (201 bp) resistance gene determinants. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), Lane 1: negative control, Lane 2 to 8: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of tet A (201 bp) from the Tetracycline-resistant DEC isolates.

Figure 8 A representative gel electrophoresis image for the detection tet A (201 bp) resistance gene determinants. Lane (M) molecular weight marker (100 bp DNA ladder, Thermo scientific), Lane 1: negative control, Lane 2 to 8: some of the representatives of the genetic expression of tet A (201 bp) from the Tetracycline-resistant DEC isolates.