Transmitted and Acquired HIV-1 Drug Resistance from a Family: A Case Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Summary of the case.

Abbreviations: Patient M, Infant’s mother; Patient F, Infant’s father; Patient I, Infant; G0W, 0 weeks of gestation; G12W, 12 weeks of gestation; G32W, 32 weeks of gestation; G40W, 40 weeks of gestation; HIV-Ab, human immunodeficiency virus antibody; ART, antiretroviral therapy; VL, viral load; 3TC, lamivudine; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; EFV, efavirenz.

Table 1 Genotype Analysis of Drug Resistance Mutation

Parameters	Patient I (Infant)		Patient M (Mother)		Patient F (Father)
	SBS	Vela NGS	SBS	Vela NGS	SBS	Vela NGS
Drug resistance interpretation: PR
PI Resistance Mutations	None	None	None	None	None	None
Drug resistance interpretation: IN
IN Resistance Mutations	None	None	None	None	None	None
Drug resistance interpretation: RT
NRTI Resistance Mutations	None	None	None	None	None	None
NNRTI Resistance Mutations	V106I	V106I (99.73%)	V106I	V106IM (I95.38%, M4.30%)	V106I	V106I (99.57%)
			K101E	K101E (41.03%)	E138A	E138A (67.78%)
			K103N	K103N (27.56%)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
Doravirine (DOR)	P	P	L	H	P	P
Efavirenz (EFV)	S	S	H	H	S	S
Etravirine (ETR)	P	P	L	L	L	L
Nevirapine (NVP)	P	P	H	H	P	P
Rilpivirine (RPV)	P	P	I	I	L	L

Abbreviations: SBS, Sanger-based sequencing; NGS, next-generation sequencing; PR, protease; PI, protease inhibitor; IN, integrase; RT, reverse transcriptase; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; S, susceptible; P, potential low-level resistance; L, low-level resistance; I, intermediate resistance; H, high-level resistance.

Figure 2 Gene evolution analysis of patients.

Abbreviation: Dist, distance.

Table 2 Mutation Scores of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Patient	NNRTI	DOR	EFV	ETR	NVP	RPV
Patient I	V106I	10	0	10	10	10
	Total	10	0	10	10	10
Patient F	V106I	10	0	10	10	10
	E138A	0	0	10	0	15
	Total	10	0	20	10	25
Patient M (SBS)	V106I	10	0	10	10	10
	K101E	15	15	15	30	45
	K103N	0	60	0	60	0
	Total	25	75	25	100	55
Patient M (Vela NGS)	K101E	15	15	15	30	45
	K103N	0	60	0	60	0
	V106IM	60	60	10	70	10
	Total	65	135	25	150	55

Abbreviations: NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; DOR, doravirine; EFV, efavirenz; ETR, etravirine; NVP, nevirapine; RPV, rilpivirine; SBS, Sanger-based sequencing; NGS, next-generation sequencing.