Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of High-Risk Age Groups to Coronavirus Disease-19 Prevention and Control in Korem District, Tigray, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of High-Risk Age Groups to COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Korem District, Tigray, Ethiopia (N=419), April 2 to May 9/2020

Characteristics	Category	Frequency	Percentage
Age (year)	60–69 7079 ≥80	256 103 60	61.1 24.6 14.3
Sex	Male Female	215 204	51.3 48.7
Religion	Orthodox Muslim	402 17	95.9 4.1
Ethnicity	Tigray Amhara	412 7	98.3 1.7
Marital status	In relationship Not in relationship Divorced Widowed	215 113 29 62	51.3 27 6.9 14.8
Education status	No formal education Primary school Secondary school College and above	236 109 42 32	56.4 26 10 7.6
Occupational status	Housewife Farmer Government employee Merchant Unemployed Others	57 103 58 67 111 23	13.6 24.6 13.8 16 26.5 5.5
Income status (in Birr)	<1000 ≥1000	334 85	79.7 20.3

Table 2 Knowledge of Participants About COVID-19 Among the Risky Age Group in Korem, Tigray, Ethiopia (N=419), April 2 to May 9/2020

No	Items	Yes (%)	No (%)
K1	Heard information about the new coronavirus disease	414 (98.8)	5 (1.2)
K2	know who is at the highest risk to get coronavirus	269 (64.2)	150 (35.8)
K3	Know the sign and symptoms of COVID-19 infection	395 (94.3)	24 (5.7)
K4	Know the preventive measures of COVID-19 infection	396 (94.5)	23 (5.5)
K5	Know the main transmission route of COVID-19	389 (92.8)	30 (7.2)
K6	Know the transmission method of COVID-19	390 (93.1)	29 (6.9)
K7	Can COVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms	179 (42.7)	240 (57.3)
K8	Know how long does it take after exposure to COVID-19 to develop symptoms	278 (66.3)	141 (33.7)
K9	Know that elder people catch by COVID-19 more than others	380 (90.7)	39 (9.3)

Figure 1 Knowledge, attitude, and practice of high-risk age groups to COVID-19 prevention and control in Korem district, Tigray, Ethiopia, April 2 to May 9/2020.

Table 3 Attitude of Participants About COVID-19 Among Risky Age Groups in Korem, Tigray, Ethiopia (N=419), April 2 to May 9/2020

No	Items	Yes (%)	No (%)
A1	Think he/she is at risk of getting sick with the new coronavirus	332 (79.2)	87 (20.8)
A2	Aware of the ongoing COVID-19 infection pandemic	342 (81.6)	77 (18.4)
A3	Agreed that COVID-19 will finally be successfully controlled	238 (56.8)	181 (43.2)
A4	Have confidence that Ethiopia can win the battle against the COVID-19 virus	233 (55.6)	186 (44.4)
A5	Scared due to the human-to-person transmission of COVID-19	339 (80.9)	80 (19.1)

Table 4 Preventive Practice of Participants About COVID-19 Among the Risky Age Group in Korem, Tigray, Ethiopia (N=419), April 2 to May 9/2020

No	Items	Yes (%)	No (%)
P1	Did use soap and water to wash their hands continuously	401 (95.7)	18 (4.3)
P2	Used sanitizer or alcohol hand rub in their daily activities	100 (23.9)	319 (76.1)
P3	Did keep their social distance (2m) in every movement	221 (52.7)	198 (47.3)
P4	Did cover their nose and mouth with a tissue during sneezing or coughing	266 (63.5)	153 (36.5)
P5	Did throw the used tissue/soft paper in the trash	256 (61.1)	163(38.9)
P6	Did you use a face mask in crowds	47 (11.2)	372 (88.8)

Table 5 Univariable Analysis of Demographic Characteristics with Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scores of High-Risk Age Groups to COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Korem District, Tigray, Ethiopia, April 2 to May 9/2020

Variables	Category	Knowledge			Practice			Attitude
		Mean ± SD	Statistic	P-value	Mean ± SD	Statistic	P-value	Mean ± SD	Statistic	P-value
Age (Year)	60–69 7079 ≥80	13.05 ± 2.28 10.74 ± 1.75 9.97 ± 1.17	F =101	<0.001	10.65 ± 1.2 9.3 ± 1.7 8.36 ± 1.4	F = 64.9	<0.001	8.97 ±1.52 6.48 ±1.79 5.86 ±1.26	F = 112.2	<0.001
Sex	Male Female	10.66 ± 1.8 10.55 ± 1.87	t= −0.601	0.243	8.85 ± 1.67 8.99 ± 1.66	t = −0.86	0.398	6.6 ± 1.77 6.3 ± 1.8	t =−1.67	0.877
Marital status	In relationship Not in relation Divorced Widowed	12.29 ± 2.33 10.41 ± 1.43 10.69 ± 1.76 10.09 ± 1.44	F =27.6	<0.001	10.2 ± 1.6 9 ± 1.4 8.9 ± 1.54 8.55 ± 1.6	F =17	<0.001	6.59 ± 1.66 8.2 ± 1.89 6.18 ± 1.54 5.98 ± 1.64	F = 29.7	<0.001
Religion	Orthodox Muslim	10.61 ± 1.85 10.29 ± 1.57	t = 0.704	0.48	8.94 ± 1.66 8.47 ± 1.7	t = 1.13	0.956	6.47 ± 1.8 6.24 ± 1.3	t = 0.524	0.083
Ethnicity	Tigray Amhara	10.6 ± 1.85 10.29 ± 1.1	t = 0.46	0.302	8.93 ± 1.66 8 ± 1.73	t = 1.477	0.99	6.5 ± 1.79 6.57 ± 1.62	t = −0.169	0.59
Educational status	No formal education Primary school Secondary school College and above	9.38 ± 1.5 9.29 ± 1.4 10.07 ± 1.01 11.25 ± 2.09	F = 29.7	<0.001	7.59 ± 1.2 7.69 ± 1.2 8.64 ± 1.5 9.44 ± 1.6	F = 27.8	<0.001	5.38 ± 1 5.5 ± 1.13 6.06 ± 1.34 6.96 ± 1.99	F = 17.8	<0.001
Income (In Birr)	<1000 ≥1000	9.34 ± 1.1 10.92 ± 1.9	t = 12.9	<0.001	7.66 ± 1.17 9.24 ± 1.6	t = 10.2	<0.001	5.5 ± 1 6.7 ± 1.88	t = 8.75	<0.001
Employment status	Housewife Farmer Govt. employee Merchant Unemployed Others	11.4 ± 2.2 10.09 ± 1.1 12 ± 2.3 10.86 ± 1.9 9.89 ± 1.8 9.3 ± 1.5	F = 19.4	<0.001	9.4 ± 1.6 9.3 ± 1.6 10.48 ± 1.4 8.45 ± 1.3 8.4 ± 1.4 7.7 ± 1.3	F =18.6	<0.001	6.9 ± 1.74 5.88 ± 1.3 8.61 ± 2.04 6.76 ± 2.02 5.99 ± 1.34 5.36 ± 1	F = 18.14	<0.001

Table 6 Multivariate Linear Regression of Statistical Association Between Demographic Characteristics with Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scores of High-Risk Age Groups to COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Korem District, Tigray, Ethiopia, April 2 to May 9/2020

Variables	Knowledge			Attitude			Practice
	Unstandardized Coefficient (95%)	P-value	VIF	Unstandardized Coefficient (95%)	P-value	VIF	Unstandardized Coefficient (95%)	P-value	VIF
Age	−0.22 (−0.282, −0.16)	<0.001	1.279	−0.18 (−0.245, −0.144)	<0.001	1.264	−0.219 (−0.28, −0.157)	<0.001	1.100
Sex	0.104 (0.016, 0.193)	0.021	1.314	0.211 (0.114,0.309)	<0.001	1.314	0.301 (−0.062, 0.127)	NS**	1.222
Marital status	−0.07 (−0.108, −0.024)	0.002	1.382	−0.064 (−0.11, −0.017)	0.007	1.384	−0.014 (−0.062, 0.033)	NS**	1.411
Religion	−0.113 (−0.311, 0.084)	NS**	1.017	−0.18 (−0.395,0.036)	NS**	1.008	0.004 (−0.216, 0.224)	NS**	1.014
Ethnicity	−0.184 (−0.488, 0.12)	NS**	1.016	−0.249 (−0.581, 0.084)	NS**	1.014	0.005 (−0.335, 0.344)	NS**	1.016
Educational status	0.104 (0.048, 0.16)	<0.001	1.837	0.109 (0.055, 0.162)	<0.001	1.374	0.073 (0.015, 0.131)	0.014	1.581
Employment	0.001 (−0.026, 0.028)	NS**	1.161	0.015 (−0.014, 0.045)	NS**	1.132	0.011 (−0.019, 0.041)	NS**	1.133
Income status	0.126 (0.005, 0.247)	0.041	1.573	0.08 (−0.054, 0.214)	NS**	1.625	0.159 (0.025, 0.293)	0.020	1.568

Abbreviations: VIF, variance inflation factor; NS**, not significant.