Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Rifampicin Resistance Pattern of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Children at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Frequency of Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Clinical Characteristics, and Risk Factors of TB Suspected Children Under 15 Years of Age (N =384) at Debremarkos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, February - May, 2019

Characteristics			Frequency	Percent
Socio-demographic characteristics	Age group	0–5	103	26.82%
		6–10	150	39.06%
		11–15	131	34.11%
	Sex	Male	196	51.04%
		Female	188	48.96%
	Educational status	Literate	189	49.22%
		Illiterate	195	50.78%
	Residence	Urban	188	48.96%
		Rural	196	51.04%
Clinical characteristics	Cough	Yes	384	100%
		No	-	-
	Fever	Yes	236	61.46%
		No	148	38.54%
	Night sweet	Yes	88	22.92%
		No	296	77.08%
	Weight loss	Yes	168	43.75%
		No	216	56.25%
	Weakness	Yes	331	86.2%
		No	53	13.80%
	Loss of appetite	Yes	229	59.64%
		No	155	40.36%
	Duration of cough	2 weeks	152	39.58%
		3 weeks	132	34.38%
		>3 weeks	100	26.04%
Risk factors	TB contact history	Yes	153	39.84%
		No	231	60.16%
	HIV status	Positive	41	10.68%
		Negative	343	89.32%
	Nutritional status	Malnourished	62	16.15%
		Normal	322	83.85%

Table 2 Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis (N=384) That Shows the Relationship Between Risk Factors and Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Debremarkos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, February – May, 2019

Characteristics		TB Negative	TB Positive	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Age groups	0–5	98 (95.14%)	5 (4.85%)	1	0.63 0.55
	6–10	144 (96%)	6 (4%)	1.29 (0.45–3.75)
	11–15	120 (91.6%)	11 (8.4%)	1.39 (0.46–4.29)
Gender	Female	180 (95.7%)	8 (4.26%)	1	0.2
	Male	182 (92.8%)	14 (7.14%)	1.73 (0.70–4.22)
Educational Status	Literate	184 (97.3%)	5 (2.65%)	1	0.01^S	1	0.02^S
	Illiterate	178 (91.3%)	17 (8.72%)	3.51 (1.26–9.72)		4.12 (1.28–13.15)
Residence	Urban	182 (96.8%)	6 (3.19%)	1	0.03^S	1	0.04^S
	Rural	180 (91.8%)	16 (8.16%)	2.69 (1.03–7.04)		3.09 (1.05–9.06)
TB contact	Yes	135 (88.2%)	18 (11.76%)	7.56 (2.5–22.8)	≤ 0.001^S	14.78 (4.43–49.26)	≤ 0.001^S
	No	227 (98.2%)	4 (1.73%)	1		1
HIV status	Positive	35 (85.3%)	6 (14.63%)	3.50 (1.28–9.53)	0.01^S	5.51 (1.72–17.7)	≤ 0.001^S
	Negative	327 (95.3%)	16 (4.66%)	1		1
Nutritional Status	Malnourished	54 (87.1%)	8 (12.90%)	3.29 (1.30–8.14)	≤ 0.001^S	4.11 (1.33–12.65)	0.01^S
	Normal	308 (95.6%)	14 (4.35%)	1		1
Duration of Cough	2 weeks	147 (96.7%)	5 (3.29%)	1	0.40 0.03^S	1
	3 weeks	125 (94.7%)	7 (5.3%)	1.65 (0.51–5.32)		1.54 (0.47–5.02)	0.47 0.04^S
	>3 weeks	90 (90%)	10 (10%)	3.27 (1.08–9.86)		3.21(1.05–9.78)

Abbreviations: s, statistically significant; TB, tuberculosis; COR, crud odd ratio; AOR, adjusted odd ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis (N=384) That Shows the Relationship Between Clinical Characteristics and Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Debremarkos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, February–May, 2019

Clinical X-stics		TB Negative	TB Positive	COR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Fever	Yes	218 (92.4%)	18 (7.63%)	2.97 (0.98–8.96)	0.04^S	12.19 (3.05–48.7)	≤0.001^S
	No	144 (97.3%)	4 (2.7%)	1		1
Night sweet	Yes	74 (84.1%)	14 (15.91%)	6.81 (2.75–16.84)	≤ 0.001^S	15.24 (4.2–55.22)	≤0.001^S
	No	288 (97.3%)	8 (2.7%)	1		1
Weakness	Yes	311 (93.4%)	20 (6.04%)	1.63 (0.37–7.22)	0.51
	No	51 (96.2%)	2 (3.77%)	1
Weight loss	Yes	147 (87.5%)	21 (12.5%)	30.71 (4.1–231)	≤0.001^S	307.8 (32–2980)	≤0.001^S
	No	215 (99.5%)	1 (0.46%)	1		1
Loss of appetite	Yes	211 (92.1%)	18 (7.86%)	3.22 (1.06–9.70)	0.02^S	10.32 (2.5–42.2)	0.01^S
	No	151 (97.4%)	4 (2.58%)	1		1
Sample	Muco-salivary	153 (98%)	4 (2.55%)	1		1
	Mucoid	113(91%)	11 (8.87%)	3.72 (1.15–11.99)	0.02^S	3.76 (1.2–12.2)	0.02^S
	Gastric lavage	96 (93.2%)	7 (6.8%)	2.79 (0.79–9.79)	0.11	2.59(0.7–9.16)	0.14

Abbreviations: s, statistically significant; TB, tuberculosis; COR, crud odd ratio; OR, adjusted odd ratio; CI, confidence interval.