Comparison and Correlation of Genetic Variability of the HBV Pre-S Region in HIV/HBV Co-Infected Patients: Quasispecies Perspective

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients

Characteristics	HIV/HBV Co-Infection	HBV Mono-Infection	P value
Participants, N	50	50
Male/Female, N (%)	39 (78%)/11(22%)	36 (72%)/14(28%)	0.488
Age, years	36(27–45)	35(26.5–45)	0.885
HBeAg (±)	32/18	30/20	0.680
HBV genotype, B/C	36/14	35/15	0.826
ALT, IU/mL	46(24–75)	44(27–78)	0.528
AST, IU/mL	50(26.75–64.5)	47(31.75–77.25)	0.304
Platelets, 10^9/L	147(120.25–177)	152(101.5–178.5)	0.649
APRI	0.518 (0.395–0.595)	0.517 (0.424–0.661)	0.549
CD4 count. cell/mL	75.5(20.75–139)
CD8 count, cell/mL	651(401.25–827.25)
CD4/CD8 ratio	0.110(0.058–0.198)
HBV DNA, lg (copies/mL)	7.230(6.413–8.255)	7.012(5.719–7.780)	0.475
HBsAg, lg (IU/mL)	3.976(3.236–4.618)	3.643(2.855–4.616)	0.377

Note: All variables were expressed by median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index.

Table 2 Correlation of Quasispecies Indexes and Immune Cells Count, Liver Enzymes, Inflammatory Cytokines of HIV/HBV Co-Infection

Variables	Complexity (Nucleotide)		Complexity (Amino Acid)		Genetic Distance(Nucleotide)		Genetic Distance (Amino Acid Level)		dS (10^−3substitutions/Site)		dN (10^−3 Substitutions/Site)		dN/dS
	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
CD4 count	0.103	0.502	0.098	0.520	0.075	0.625	0.024	0.878	0.119	0.437	0.029	0.848	0.036	0.429
CD8 count	−0.012	0.936	0.040	0.979	−0.038	0.802	−0.111	0.468	−0.041	0.790	−0.031	0.841	0.021	0.515
CD4/CD8	0.097	0.528	0.094	0.539	0.072	0.636	0.066	0.656	0.139	0.361	0.023	0.880	0.061	0.692
ALT	−0.023	0.883	0.036	0.814	−0.008	0.958	−0.102	0.504	−0.124	0.416	0.033	0.831	−0.035	0.799
AST	0.144	0.327	0.199	0.254	0.225	0.273	0.163	0.293	0.086	0.574	0.159	0.292	0.120	0.485
sCD14	0.146	0.340	0.119	0.436	0.114	0.345	0.022	0.888	0.091	0.552	0.104	0.497	0.203	0.366
sCD163	0.400	0.007	0.387	0.009	0.465	0.001	0.309	0.039	0.369	0.013	0.443	0.002	0.488	0.001
IL-18	0.383	0.042	0.397	0.028	0.310	0.045	0.367	0.040	0.276	0.049	0.327	0.041	0.355	0.040
IP-10	0.204	0.179	0.176	0.249	0.285	0.057	0.024	0.107	0.195	0.199	0.277	0.092	0.211	0.173
sCD27	0.329	0.044	0.290	0.054	0.303	0.047	0.297	0.049	0.284	0.061	0.399	0.036	0.328	0.045
MCP-1	0.113	0.523	0.171	0.334	0.160	0.367	0.151	0.395	0.068	0.704	0.201	0.254	0.184	0.336

Note: The bold indicated P<0.05.

Abbreviations: r, correlation coefficient; P, P-value; dS, synonymous substitution rate; dN, non-synonymous substitution rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; sCD163, soluble cluster of differentiation 163; IL-18, interleukin-18; IP-10, interferon-inducible protein-10; sCD27, soluble cluster of differentiation 27; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1.

Figure 1 Heat map of correlation coefficient between quasispecies indexes and clinical parameters, inflammatory cytokines. (A) Heat map of correlation coefficient for HIV/HBV co-infection; (B) Heat map of correlation coefficient for HBV mono-infection.