Conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated prior to cataract surgery

Figures & data

Table 1 Bacterial isolates and rates

	Total	%
Gram-positive cocci	191	67.0%
Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSCNS)	127	44.5%
Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRCNS)	37	12.7%
Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)	8	2.9%
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	3	1.0%
Enterococcus spp	6	2.0%
Enterococcus faecalis	2	0.7%
α-Streptococcus	6	2.0%
Streptococcus equinus	1	0.4%
Streptococcus equisimilis	1	0.4%
Streptococcus pneumonia (PSSP)	1	0.4%
Gram-positive bacilli	76	26.7%
Corynebacterium spp	76	26.7%
Gram-negative cocci	1	0.4%
Moraxella catarrhalis	1	0.4%
Gram-negative bacilli	16	5.9%
Escherichia coli	3	1.0%
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2	0.7%
Acinetobacter spp	2	0.7%
Nonglucose-fermenting bacteria	2	0.7%
Proteus vulgaris	1	0.4%
Proteus mirabilis	1	0.4%
Enterobacter aerogenes	1	0.4%
Serratia marcescens	1	0.4%
Klebsiella oxytoca	1	0.4%
Alcaligenes spp	1	0.4%
Haemophilus influenzae	1	0.4%

Abbreviations: MRCNS, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci; MSCNS, methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; PSSP, penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumonia.

Table 2 Bacterial detection rate dependent on age

Age (years)	Culture positive/total (%)
≤60	12/73 (16.4%)
61–70	72/177 (40.7%)
71–80	91/228 (39.9%)
≥81	52/101 (51.5%)

Note: 2 × 2 Chi square test.

Table 3 Bacterial detection rate dependent on background

	Culture positive/total (%)
	Presence	Absence
Diabetes mellitus	72/198 (36.4%)	155/381 (40.7%)
Diabetic retinopathy	17/48 (35.4%)	12/33 (36.4%)
Dialysis	4/11 (36.4%)	223/568 (39.3%)
Hyperlipidemia	55/169 (32.5%)	172/410 (42.0%)*
Steroid therapy	7/16 (43.8%)	220/563 (39.1%)
Dry eye syndrome	19/96 (19.8%)	208/483 (43.1%)**
Usage of any eye drops	85/275 (30.9%)	142/304 (46.7%)**
Allergic conjunctivitis	3/9 (33.3%)	224/570 (39.3%)

* Notes: P < 0.05;

** P < 0.001, 2 × 2 Chi square test.

Table 4 Bacterial detection rate dependent on hemoglobin A_1c level

Hemoglobin A1c level	Culture positive/total (%)
<6	38/100 (38.0%)
≥6	33/97 (34.0%)
<7	50/139 (36.0%)
≥7	21/58 (36.2%)
<8	62/170 (36.5%)
≥8	9/27 (33.3%)
<9	67/181 (37.0%)
≥9	4/16 (25.0%)

Figure 1 Resistance to levofloxacin, cefmenoxime, and tobramycin was shown in six methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains, two enterococcal strains, and one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.

Abbreviations: CNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; MRCNS, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; NFB, nonglucose-fermenting bacteria.