Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bloodstream Infection at Kigali University Teaching Hospital

Figures & data

Figure 1 Service wise distribution of culture isolates.

Abbreviations: EM, emergency; GO, gynecology obstetrics; ICU, intensive care unit; IM, internal medicine; OPD, outpatient department; PED, pediatrics; SURG, surgery; ENT, ear, nose and throat; NEO, neonatology.

Table 1 Distribution of Blood Culture Results Based on Service

Service	Blood Culture Result n [%]
	Positive	Negative	Total
EM	29[13.2]	190[86.8]	219[7.5]
ENT	1[33.3]	2 [66.7]	3[0.1]
GO	8 [13.3]	52[86.7]	60[2.1]
ICU	24[18.2]	108[81.8]	132[4.5]
IM	69[9.5]	656[90.5]	725[25]
NEO	93[15.5]	506[84.5]	599[20.6]
OPD	8 [9.5]	76 [90.5]	84[2.9]
PED	97[9.6]	915[90.4]	1012[34.8]
SURGERY	12[15.8]	64[84.2]	76[2.5]
TOTAL	341[12]	2569[88]	2910[100]

Abbreviations: EM, emergency; GO, gynecology obstetrics; ICU, intensive care unit; IM, internal medicine; OPD, outpatient department; PED, pediatrics; SURG, surgery; ENT, ear, nose and throat; NEO, neonatology.

Table 2 Susceptibility Pattern of Isolated Pathogens at CHUK

Antibiotic	Enterobacteriaceae n [%]										Non-Fermenter n [%]				Gram Positive Cocci Bacteria n [%]
	Citrobacter spp. 1 [0.3]		E. coli 45 [13.2]		K. pneumonia 108 [31.7]		Proteus spp. 1 [0.3]		S. typhi 19 [5.6]		Acinetobacter 49 [14.4]		P. aeruginosa 10 [2.9]		S. aureus 100 [29.3]			CoNS 1 [0.3]		Streptococcus spp. 7 [2]
	S	R	S	R	S	R	S	R	S	R	S	R	S	R	S		R	S	R	S	R
AMK	NT	NT	4[16.7]	20[83.3]	59[88.1]	8 [11.9]	1[100]	0 [0]	5 [100]	0 [0]	12[85.7]	2[14.3]	2 [66.7]	1[33.3]
AMC	NT	NT	6 [24]	19 [76]	3[17.6]	14[82.4]	0 [0]	1 [100]	13[76.5]	4[23.5]	8 [44.4]	10 [55.6]	0 [0]	1[100]	0 [0]		1[100]	NT	NT	NT	NT
AMP	NT	NT	3 [30]	7 [70]	1 [5.6]	17[94.4]	NT	NT	2 [40]	3 [60]	7[17.5]	33 [82.5]	NT	NT	5 [38.5]		8 [61.5]	NT	NT	NT	NT
CAZ	NT	NT	6 [50]	6 [50]	3 [10.7]	25[89.3]	NT	NT	9[90]	1[10]	1 [33.3]	2[66.7]	3 [33.3]	6 [66.7]
CTX	NT	NT	7 [26]	20 [74]	10[14.5]	59[85.5]	NT	NT	3[42.9]	4[57.1]	0[0]	2[100]	NT	NT	8[88.9]		1 [11.1]	NT	NT	0 [0]	1 [100]
CRO	0 [0]	1 [100]	6[27.3]	16[72.7]	3[5.8]	49[94.2]	0 [0]	1[100]	7 [63.6]	4 [36.4]	19[42.2]	26[57.8]	NT	NT	1[100]		0 [0]	NT	NT	0 [0]	1[100]
CHL	NT	NT	2 [33.3]	4[66.7]	7[35]	13[65]	NT	NT	0 [0]	4 [100]	7[70]	3[30]	NT	NT	3[60]		2[40]	NT	NT	0 [0]	1[100]
CIP	1[100]	0[0]	20[47.6]	22[52.4]	44[45.8]	52[54.2]	1[100]	0 [0]	14 [100]	0 [0%]	1[100]	0[0]	NT	NT	24[61.5]		15[38.5]	NT	NT	2 [100]	0 [0]
DA	NT	NT	3[100]	0 [0]	2[33.3]	4 [66.7]	NT	NT	3 [100]	0 [0]	4 [50]	4[50]	2 [100]	0 [0]	60[81.1]		14[18.9]	NT	NT	1[33.3]	2 [66.7]
GEN	1[100]	0 [0]	6 [27.3]	16[72.7]	7[11.5]	54[88.5]	0 [0]	1[100]	1[100]	0 [0]	1[100]	0 [0]	1 [25]	3[75]	5[83.3]		1[16.7]	NT	NT	NT	NT
IPM	1[100]	0 [0]	33 [100]	0 [0]	83[100]	0[0]	1[100]	0[0]	8 [100]	0 [0]	26 [100]	0 [0]	5 [71.4]	2 [28.6]
TZP	NT	NT	2 [100]	0[0]	1 [12.5]	7[87.5]	NT	NT	2 [33.3]	4 [66.7]
SXT	NT	NT	0	2[100]	1 [20]	4[80]	NT	NT	1 [20]	4 [80]
PEN											8[22.2]	28[77.8]	0[0]	1[33.3]		8 [8.8]	83[91.2]	0 [0]	1[100]	0 [0]	2 [100]
PEP											2[20]	8 [80]	1 [33.3]	1[100]
TZP											0[0]	1[100]	1 [25]	NT
DOX																10 [62.5]	6[37.5]	NT	NT	NT	NT
ERY																56 [59.6]	38[40.4]	0 [0]	1[100]	1[25]	3 [75]
OFX																2 [66.7]	1[33.3]	NT	NT	NT	NT
OXA																46 [66.7]	23[33.3]	0 [0]	1[100]	0 [0]	1[100]
TET																51 [63]	30[37]	NT	NT	2[40]	3[60]
SXT																1 [20]	4 [80]	NT	NT	NT	NT
VAN																78 [96.3]	3 [3.7]	1 [100]	0 [0]	3 [60]	2[40]

Abbreviations: S, sensitive; R, resistant; AMK, amikacin; AMC, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; AMP, ampicillin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CTX, cefotaxime; CRO, ceftriaxone; CHL, chloramphenicol; CIP, ciprofloxacin; DA, clindamycin; GEN, gentamycin; IPM, imipenem; TZP, piperacillin tazobactam; TET, tetracycline; SXT, trimethoprim –sulfamethoxazole; VAN, vancomycin; DOX, doxycyclin; ERY, erythromycin; OFX, ofloxacin; OXA, oxacillin; PEN, penicillin; PEP, piperacillin; CONS, coagulase negative Staphylococcus; NT, not test.

Table 3 Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Blood Culture

Bacteria	Antibiotic Resistance n [%]
	R0	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8
Acinetobacter [n=49]	5 [10.2]	4 [8.1]	12 [24.5]	14 [28.6]	10 [20.4]	2[4.1]	1[2]	1 [2]	0 [0]
Citrobacter [n=1]	0 [0]	0 [0]	1[100]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]
E. coli [n= 45]	3 [6.7]	9 [20]	5 [11.1]	9 [20]	13 [28.9]	6[13.3]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]
K. pneumoniae [n= 108]	3 [2.8]	4 [3.7]	18 [16.7]	38 [35.2]	17 [15.7]	16 [14.8]	5[4.6]	2 [1.9]	5[4.6]
P. aeruginosa [n= 10]	3[30]	1[10]	1 [10]	2 [20]	1[10]	2 [20]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]
Proteus spp. [n=1]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	1 [100]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]
S. typhi [n= 19]	3 [15.8]	4 [21.1]	5 [26.3]	6 [31.6]	0 [0]	0 [0]	1 [5.3]	0 [0]	0 [0]
S. aureus [n= 100]	5[5]	33[33]	24 [24]	14 [14]	13[13]	4[4]	4 [4]	2 [2]	1[1]
CoNS [n=1]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	1[100]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]	0 [0]
Streptococcus spp. [n= 7]	0 [0]	1[14.3]	0 [0]	0 [0]	4[57.1]	1 [14.3]	1 [14.3]	0 [0]	0 [0]
Total [n = 341]	22[6.5]	56 [16.4]	66[19.4]	85 [24.9]	58[17]	31[9]	12 [3.5]	5 [1.5]	6[1.8]

Notes: R0: sensitive to all antibiotics tested; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, resistant to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight antibiotics respectively.

Abbreviation: CoNS, coagulase negative staphylococci.