Correlation Analysis Among Genotype Resistance, Phenotype Resistance and Eradication Effect of Helicobacter pylori

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of the study.

Abbreviations: RUT, rapid urease test; WS, Warthin-Starry staining; NGS, next-generation sequencing; UBT, ¹³C-urea breath test; ITT, intention-to-treat; PP, per-protocol.

Table 1 Comparision Between Genotypes and Phenotypes of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic	Susceptible Phenotype		Resistant Phenotype		Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Agreement (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)		Kappa	P value
	Resistant Genotype	Susceptible Genotype	Resistant Genotype	Susceptible Genotype
CLR	33	264	156	36	81.2	88.9	85.9	82.5	88.0		0.703	0.000
LVX	21	313	108	47	69.7	93.7	86.1	83.7	86.9		0.664	0.000

Abbreviations: CLR, clarithromycin; LVX, levofloxacin; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

Table 2 The Relationship Between Genotype Resistance of Clarithromycin and Eradication Efficacy

	Total	Resistant Genotype		Susceptible Genotype		χ^2	P-value
		n	Eradication Rate n (%, 95% CI)	n	Eradication Rate n (%, 95% CI)
PP-analysis	234	86	49(57.0, 46.3–67.7)	148	130(87.8, 82.5–93.2)	28.813	<0.001
ITT-analysis	247	94	49(52.1, 41.8–62.4)	153	130(85.0, 79.2–90.7)	31.474	<0.001

Table 3 The Relationship Between the Baseline at Enrollment and the Antibiotic Resistance of Pylori Isolates by NGS

Factors	N	Resistant Genotype of Clarithromycin			Resistant Genotype of Levofloxacin
		Mutation Rate (%)	Univariate Analysis P value	Multivariate Analysis P value	Mutation Rate (%)	Univariate Analysis P value	Multivariate Analysis P value
Gender			0.260	0.400		0.359	0.334
Female	256	41.0			28.1
Male	233	36.1			24.5
Age			0.083	0.036		0.009	0.040
<35 YO	187	44.4			18.7
35–50YO	195	36.9			30.3
>50YO	107	31.8			32.7
Clinical diagnosis			0.138	0.220		0.849	0.868
PUD	63	30.2			25.4
NUD	426	39.9			36.5
Chronic atrophic gastritis			0.241	0.341		0.001	0.044
CAG	81	44.4			40.7
Non-CAG	408	37.5			23.5
Intestinal metaplasia			0.411	0.666		0.028	0.879
IM	117	41.9			34.2
Non-IM	372	37.6			23.9
Lymphoid aggregates			0.333	0.304		0.430	0.590
Yes	266	40.6			20.7
No	223	36.3			33.2

Abbreviations: PUD, peptic ulcer disease; NUD, non-ulcerative dyspepsia; CAG, chronic atrophic gastritis; IM, intestinal metaplasia.