Species Diversity and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Oral Yeasts from Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Figures & data

Table 1 Carriage and Distribution of Yeast Species from the Oral Swabs Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients in Hainan, China

Host Trait	Host Groups	No. of Patients	No. of Patients with Yeasts (% Positive)	Ca	Ct	Ck	Ko	Cp	Ho	Pt	Cm	Ta	Pn
Age group	≤59 years old	150	82(54.7)	43	16	6	7	3	2	2	1	1	1
	≥60 years old	61	42(68.9)	23	12	2	–	3	1	–	1	–	–
Gender	Male	144	84(58.3)	51	15	6	5	3	2	2	–	–	–
	Female	67	40(59.7)	15	13	2	2	3	1	0	2	1	1
Treatment condition	Without local radiotherapy	139	81(58.3)	42	20	3	5	3	2	2	2	1	1
	With local radiotherapy	72	43(59.7)	24	8	5	2	3	1	–	–	–	–
Types of cancer	Tongue cancer	32	24(75)	15	6	–	–	1	1	1	–	–	–
	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	63	37(58.7)	19	9	2	2	3	–	1	–	1	–
	Craniopharyngioma	2	1(50.0)	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Lip cancer	5	1(20.0)	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Tongue squamous cell carcinoma	6	0(0.0)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Brain cancer	7	5(71.4)	3	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Basal cell carcinoma	2	1(50.0)	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Laryngeal cancer	7	6(85.7)	2	2	–	–	1	1	–	–	–	–
	Cheek cancer	10	9(90.0)	5	2	–	1	–	1	–	–	–	–
	Lip and Cheek cancer	2	2(100.0)	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Esophageal cancer	3	3(100.0)	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Gum cancer	7	4(57.1)	3	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Parotid gland cancer	6	2(33.3)	–	1	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Pyriform fossa squamous cell carcinoma	1	1(100.0)	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Pharyngeal Cancer	7	2(28.6)	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Multiple oral cancer	1	1(100.0)	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Right palate cancer	5	4(80.0)	1	–	–	3	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Neck cancer	8	4(50.0)	2	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	1
	Left cheekbone mass	1	1(100.0)	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Submandibular adenocarcinoma	6	0(0.0)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Mandibular bone cancer	15	9(60.0)	5	–	1	–	1	–	–	2	–	–
	Maxillary bone cancer	14	7(50.0)	5	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Abbreviations: Ca, Candida albicans; Ct, Candida tropicalis; Ck, Candida krusei; Ko, Kodamaea ohmeri; Cp, Candida parapsilosis; Ho, Hanseniaspora opuntiae; Pt, Pichia terricola; Cm, Candida metapsilosis; Ta, Trichosporon asahii; Pn, Pichia norvegensis.

Table 2 Summary Susceptibilities of Oral Yeasts from Head and Neck Cancer Patients in Hainan to Five Antifungal Agents

Species^a (No. of Isolates)	Drugs	S^b	I^c	R^d	I+R (% Total)
C. albicans (66)	Amphotericin B	63	0	3	3(4.5)
	Fluconazole	63	2	1	3(4.5)
	Itraconazole	61	3	2	5(7.6)
	Ketoconazole	58	6	2	8(12.1)
	Fluorocytosine	55	2	9	11(16.7)
C. tropicalis (28)	Amphotericin B	26	0	2	2(7.1)
	Fluconazole	24	3	1	4(14.3)
	Itraconazole	25	2	1	3(10.7)
	Ketoconazole	26	2	0	2(7.1)
	Fluorocytosine	25	1	2	3(10.7)
C. krusei (8)	Amphotericin B	8	0	0	0(0.0)
	Fluconazole	4	3	1	4(50.0)
	Itraconazole	6	0	2	2(25.0)
	Ketoconazole	6	1	1	2(25.0)
	Fluorocytosine	4	0	4	4(50.0)
K. ohmeri (7)	Amphotericin B	7	0	0	0(0.0)
	Fluconazole	7	0	0	0(0.0)
	Itraconazole	7	0	0	0(0.0)
	Ketoconazole	7	0	0	0(0.0)
	Fluorocytosine	5	0	2	2(18.6)
P. terricola (2)	Amphotericin B	1	0	1	1(50.0)
	Fluconazole	2	0	0	0(0.0)
	Itraconazole	1	0	1	1(50.0)
	Ketoconazole	2	0	0	0(0.0)
	Fluorocytosine	2	0	0	0(0.0)
T. asahii (1)	Amphotericin B	1	0	0	0(0.0)
	Fluconazole	1	0	0	0(0.0)
	Itraconazole	0	0	1	1(100.0)
	Ketoconazole	1	0	0	0(0.0)
	Fluorocytosine	1	0	0	0(0.0)

Notes: ^aFor the remaining four yeast species, C. parapsilosis (6), H. opuntiae (3), C. metapsilosis (2) and P. norvegensis (1), all isolates were sensitive to all five tested antifungal agents. ^bS, susceptible to drug, ^cI, intermediate susceptible to drug, ^dR, resistant to drug.