Perception, Preventive Practice, and Attitude Towards Vaccine Against COVID-19 Among Health Care Professionals in Bangladesh

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Study Subjects According to Age and Category

Age	Centers	Total (n= 524)	Doctor (n= 240)	Nurse (n=146)	MLSS (n= 138)
0–19	HF (n=316)	–	–	–	–
	SR (n=208)	09 (4.33%)	–	–	09/ 208 (4.33%)
	Total	09 (1.72%)	–	–	09/524 (1.72%)
20–39	HF (n=316)	150 (47.47%)	117/187 (62.57%)	12/72 (16.67%)	21/57 (36.84%)
	SR (n=208)	170 (81.73%)	31/53 (58.49%)	71/74 (95.94%)	68/81 (83.95%)
	Total	320 (61.07%)	148/240 (61.66%)	83/146 (56.85%)	89/138 (64.49%)
40–59	HF (n=316)	159 (50.31%)	64/187 (34.2%)	59/72 (81.94%)	36/57 (63.16%)
	SR (n=208)	29 (13.94%)	22/53 (41.51%)	03/74 (4.05%)	04/81 (4.94%)
	Total	188 (35.88%)	86/240 (35.83%)	62/146 (42.46%)	40/138 (28.98%)
> 60	HF (n=316)	07 (2.21%)	06/187 (3.21%)	01/72 (1.39%)	–
	SR (n=208)	–	–	–	–
	Total	07 (1.33%)	06/240 (2.5%)	01/146 (0.68%)	–
Male: Female	HF (n=316)	118: 198 (1:1.67)	75: 112 (1:1.49)	03:69 (1:23)	40:17 (1:0.42)
	SR (n=208)	86: 122 (1:1.41)	36: 17 (1:0.47)	03:71 (1:23.66)	47: 34 (1:0.72)
	Total	204: 320 (1:1.33)	111: 129 (1:1.61)	06: 140 (1:23.3)	87: 51 (1: 0.58)

Table 2 Frequency Distribution of Correct Responses of HCPs on Perception Towards COVID-19

Questions on Perception		Doctors (n=240)	Nurses (n=146)	MLSS (n=138)	Total (524)	p-value
Symptoms	Cough	232 (96.67%)	144 (98.63%)	136 (98.55%)	512 (97.71%)	X^2=1.3152 p=0.999936
	Fever	238 (99.16%)	146 (100%)	134 (97.10%)	518 (98.85%)
	Sore throat	234 (97.50%)	140 (95.89%)	133 (96.38%)	507 (96.75%)
	Diarrhea	201 (83.75%)	134 (91.78%)	129 (93.48%)	464 (88.55%)
	Myalgia	208 (86.66%)	138 (94.52%)	125 (90.58%)	471 (89.88%)
Transmission	COVID-19 has no specific remedy, symptomatic treatment can cure most of the cases	235 (97.92%)	139 (95.21%)	136 (98.55%)	510 (97.33%)	X^2=19.8358 p=0.070257
	All patients do not get critical, only the elderly suffering from co-morbidities may become serious	203 (84.58%)	117 (80.14%)	132 (95.65%)	452 (86.26%)
	Contact or ingestion of wild animals may cause transmission of COVID-19	121 (50.42%)	71 (48.63%)	42 (30.43%)	234 (44.66%)
	COVID-19 patients cannot spread the virus if no fever is present	221 (92.08%)	117 (80.14%)	80 (57.97%)	418 (79.77%)
	The virus can be spread through droplets and sneezing of the infected person	230 (95.83%)	137 (93.83%)	128 (92.75%)	495 (94.46%)
Prevention	Children and young adults do not require any preventive measure	228 (95%)	130 (89.04%)	97 (70.29%)	455 (86.83%)	X^2=7.7329 p=0.805642^ns
	Everyone needs to avoid the crowd (bus-station, public transport, market) to prevent COVID-19	233 (97.08%)	146 (100%)	116 (84.06%)	495 (94.46%)
	Quarantining the infected persons will reduce the spread of the COVID-19	238 (99.17%)	141 (96.57%)	126 (91.30%)	505 (96.37%)
	Person who comes in contact with COVID-19 patient have to remain quarantine for 14 days	235 (97.92%)	145 (99.31%)	135 (97.83%)	515 (98.28%)
	General medical mask can protect from COVID-19	165 (68.75%)	99 (67.81)	107 (77.54%)	371 (70.80%)

Note: X² means the value of Chi Square test.

Abbreviation: NS, not significant.

Table 3 Frequency Distribution of Correct Responses of HCPs on Practice

Questions on practice		Doctors (n=240)	Nurses (n=146)	MLSS (n=138)	Total (524)	p-value
Practice	Have never been in crowded public gathering currently	20 (08.33%)	10 (6.84%)	16 (11.59%)	46 (08.78%)	X^2=18.2673 p=0.107811^ns
	Have used mask whenever attended any patients currently	224 (93.33%)	142 (97.26%)	131 (94.92%)	497 (94.85%)
	Have restrained from shaking hands Currently	192 (80%)	113 (77.39%)	91 (65.94%)	396 (75.57%)
	Have cleaned hands before and after attending every patients currently	141 (58.75%)	141 (96.57%)	113 (81.88%)	395 (75.38%)
	Have used mask whenever went out of the home	222 (92.50%)	141 (96.57%)	128 (92.75%)	491 (93.70%)

Note: X² means the value of Chi Square test.

Abbreviation: NS, not significant.

Table 4 Frequency Distribution of Responses of HCPs on Attitude Towards Vaccination

Questions on Attitude		Doctors (n=240)	Nurses (n=146)	MLSS (n=138)	Total (524)	p-value
Vaccination	In favor of vaccine against COVID-19, because it is effective and safe	203 (84.58%)	124 (84.93%)	131 (94.92%)	458 (87.40%)	X^2=22.2356 p=0.034963
	Vaccine against COVID-19 is available free of cost	231 (96.25%)	142 (97.26%)	130 (94.20%)	503 (95.99%)
	Children do not require to get COVID-19 vaccination	79 (32.92%)	57 (39.04%)	68 (49.27%)	198 (37.78%)
	Do not rely on COVID-19 vaccine due to emergency development during pandemic	186 (77.50%)	104 (78.23%)	78 (56.52%)	368 (70.23%)
	Vaccination is not required because immunity will be acquired naturally by infection	193 (80.42%)	96 (65.75%)	72 (52.17%)	361 (68.89%)

Note: X² means the value of Chi Square test.

Table 5 Mean Scores of Knowledge, Practice and Attitude Among the HCPs

Mean Scores	Doctors	Nurses	MLSS	Difference Between Groups
				F	P
Score of perception (15)	12.50 ±2.05	12.34 ±1.62	11.17 ±2.10	21.61	< 0.001
Score of practice (5)	3.43 ±1.57	3.40 ±1.43	3.16 ±1.35	1.55	0.213
Attitude towards vaccination (5)	3.03 ±1.85	3.04 ±1.51	2.88 ±1.65	0.44	0.643
Overall total score	18.95 ±3.69	18.78 ±2.84	17.20 ±3.59	12.23	< 0.001

Note: Post hoc test using one-way ANOVA.

Table 6 Comparison of Score Between the Categories of HCPs

	Occupation Group (I)	Occupation Group (J)	Mean (I-J) Difference	Std. Error	p-value	95% CI
						Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Score of perception	Doctor	Nurse	0.160	0.206	0.436	−0.24	0.56
		MLSS	1.329	0.209	<0.001*	0.92	1.74
	Nurse	Doctor	−0.160	0.206	0.436	−0.56	0.24
		MLSS	1.169	0.233	<0.001*	0.71	1.63
	MLSS	Doctor	−1.329	0.209	<0.001*	−1.74	−0.92
		Nurse	−1.169	0.233	<0.001*	−1.63	−0.71
Score of practice	Doctor	Nurse	−0.008	0.180	0.966	−0.36	0.35
		MLSS	0.157	0.183	0.392	−0.20	0.52
	Nurse	Doctor	0.008	0.180	0.966	−0.35	0.36
		MLSS	0.164	0.203	0.419	−0.23	0.56
	MLSS	Doctor	−0.157	0.183	0.392	−0.52	0.20
		Nurse	−0.164	0.203	0.419	−0.56	0.23
Score of attitude towards vaccination	Doctor	Nurse	0.021	0.155	0.893	−0.28	0.33
		MLSS	0.266	0.158	0.093	−0.04	0.58
	Nurse	Doctor	−0.021	0.155	0.893	−0.33	0.28
		MLSS	0.245	0.176	0.164	−0.10	0.59
	MLSS	Doctor	−0.266	0.158	0.093	−0.58	0.04
		Nurse	−0.245	0.176	0.164	−0.59	0.10

Notes: *The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Post hoc test using one-way ANOVA.