Survey and Antimicrobial Activity Study of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Selected Districts of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Family, Scientific and Local Names of Ethno-Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Infectious Diseases in North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

S.No	Specimen Voucher No	Family	Scientific Name	Local Name
1.	SlU Ethno Med/01/2018	Fabaceae	Acacia abyssinica Hochst. Ex Benth.	Qoree
2.	SlU Ethno Med/02/2018	Fabaceae	Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth	Ceekaa
3.	SlU Ethno Med/03/2018	Asteraceae	Laggera tomentosa (Sch.Bip.ex A Rich.) Olivo & Hien	Dama Kasee
4.	SlU Ethno Med/04/2018	Utriticaceae	Urtica simensis steudel	Doobbii
5.	SlU Ethno Med/05/2018	Euphorbiaceae	Croton marostachyus Del.	Bakkanniisa
6.	SlU Ethno Med/06/2018	Polygonaceae	Rumex nervosus Vahl	Embuachoo
7.	SlU Ethno Med/07/2018	Loganiaceae	Buddleja polystachya Fresen	Adaaddii
8.	SlU Ethno Med/08/2018	Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus Labill	Baargamoo adii
9.	SlU Ethno Med/09/2018	Lamiaceae	Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f) Lwarsson	Bokkolluu
10.	SlU Ethno Med/10/2018	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia tetracantha Rendle	Qincib
11.	SlU Ethno Med/11/2018	Sapindaceae	Dodonea angustifolia L.f.	Kitkittaa
12.	SlU Ethno Med/12/2018	Ranunculaceae	Clematis simensis Fresen	Hidda fiitii
13.	SlU Ethno Med/13/2018	Lamiaceae	Ostegia integrifolia Benth	Xunjiitii
14.	SlU Ethno Med/14/2018	Asteraceae	Echinops kebericho Mesfin	Qabarichoo

Table 2 Summary of Plant Families, Habits, Parts, Administration Routes and Diseases Treated Using Medicinal Plants in North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

S.No	Description of Items		Frequency	Percent (%)
1.	Plant family	Fabaceae	2	14.3
		Asteraceae	2	14.3
		Lamiaceae	2	14.3
		Euphorbiaceae	2	14.3
		Utriticaceae	1	7.14
		Polygonaceae	1	7.12
		Loganiaceae	1	7.12
		Myrtaceae	1	7.14
		Sapindaceae	1	7.14
		Ranunculaceae	1	7.14
2.	Plant habits	Shrub	9	64.3
		Tree	3	21.4
		Herb	2	14.3
3.	Plant parts	Leaf	10	71.4
		Root	2	14.3
		Bark	1	7.14
		Shoot bud	1	7.14
4.	Administration routes	Topical	6	42.9
		Inhalation	4	28.6
		Oral	4	28.5
5.	Diseases treated	Wound	5	35.7
		Abdominal pain	3	21.4
		Headache	2	14.3
		Ring worm	2	14.3
		Pneumonia	2	14.3

Note: Each percentage was calculated from the total 14 documented family plants.

Table 3 Phytochemical Screening Test Results Selected Ethno-Medicinal Plants

S.No	Scientific Name	Phytochemicals	Tests	Hexane extract	Chloroform extract	Methanol extract
1	Calpurnia aurea (Ait.)Benth	Alkaloid	Wagner’s test	_	_	_
		Terpenoids	Salkowski’s test	+	_	_
		Phenolic	Ferric chloride	_	_	+
		Flavonoid	NaOH test	_	+	_
		Saponin	Foam test	_	+	+
2	Dodonea angustifolia L.f.	Alkaloid	Wagner’s test	_	_	_
		Terpenoids	Salkowski’s test	++	_	_
		Phenolic	Ferric chloride	_	_	++
		Flavonoid	NaOH test	+	+	_
		Saponin	Foam test	_	_	+
3	Croton marostachyus Del.	Alkaloid	Wagner’s test	_	_	_
		Terpenoids	Salkowski’s test	+	+	_
		Phenolic	Ferric chloride	_	_	+
		Flavonoid	NaOH test	_	_	+
		Saponin	Foam test	_	+	_
4	Echinops kebericho Mesfin	Alkaloid	Wagner’s test	_	_	_
		Terpenoids	Salkowski’s test	+	_	_
		Phenolic	Ferric chloride	_	_	+
		Flavonoid	NaOH test	+	_	_
		Saponin	Foam test	+	+	_
5	Ostegia integrifolia Benth	Alkaloid	Wagner’s test	_	_	_
		Terpenoids	Salkowski’s test	+	_	_
		Phenolic	Ferric chloride	_	++	+
		Flavonoid	NaOH test	_	_	+
		Saponin	Foam test	_	_	_

Notes: − = Not present; + = Present; ++ = highly present.

Table 4 Antibacterial Activity Results of Plant Extracts Against Bacterial Species (200 mg mL⁻¹)

Bacterial Species	Diameter of Inhibition Zone (mm) (Mean ± S.D)
	Dodonea angustifolia L.f.					Echinops kebericho Mesfin
	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	G	DMSO	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	G	DMSO
E.coli	10.3± 0.29	13.1 ± 0.29	9.83±0.29	13.2 ± 0.29	NI	11.7±0.58	13.2±0.29	12.7±0.58	15.3±0.58	NI
K. pneumonia	8.83 ±0.29	21.7±0.58	17.7±0.58	21.7±0.58	NI	9.0±0.0	21.7±0.58	15.8±0.29	22.5±0.50	NI
S.aureus	11.7 ± 058	12.3±0.58	10.8±0.29	12.3±0.58	NI	14.0±0.0	12.3±0.58	11.5±0.50	20.3±0.58	NI
P. aeruginosa	11.7 ± 0.58	11 ± 0.0	12.7± 0.58	11.0±0.0	NI	10.7±0.58	11.0±0.0	12.7±0.58	12.7±0.58	NI
Bacterial Species	Croton marostachyus Del.					Calpurnia aurea (Ait.)Benth
	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	G	DMSO	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	G	DMSO
E.coli	11.7±0.58	15.3±0.58	10.8±0.29	15.3±0.58	NI	12.7±0.58	11.7±0.58	12.0±0.0	11.7±0.58	NI
K. pneumonia	16.7.±0.58	22.5±0.50	20.0±0.0	22.5±0.50	NI	12.7±0.58	22.3±0.58	11.7±0.58	22.3±0.58	NI
S.aureus	13.9±0.06	20.3±0.58	12.7±0.58	20.3±0.58	NI	12.3±0.58	11.7±0.58	10.8±0.29	11.7±0.58	NI
P. aeruginosa	14.0±0.0	12.7±0.58	14.7±0.58	12.7±0.58	NI	11.0±0.0	11.7±0.58	15.7±0.58	11.7±0.58	NI
Bacterial Species	Ostegia integrifolia Benth
	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	G	DMSO
E.coli	9.83±0.29	11.7±0.58	13.7±0.58	24.1±1.00	NI
K. pneumonia	9.83±0.29	22.3±0.58	14.0±0.0	25.7±0.58	NI
S.aureus	13.7±0.58	11.7±0.58	14.3±0.58	26.3±0.58	NI
P. aeruginosa	12.0±0.0	14.3±0.29	12.8±0.0	21.7±0.58	NI

Abbreviations: NI, No Inhibition; G, Gentamycin; DMSO, Dimethylsulfoxide.

Table 5 Antifungal Activity Results of Plant Extracts Against Fungal Species (200 mg mL⁻¹)

Fungal Species	Diameter of Inhibition Zone (mm) (Mean ± S.D)
	Dodonea angustifolia L.f.					Echinops kebericho Mesfin
C. albicans	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	C	DMSO	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	C	DMSO
	10.7 ± 0.58	13.7 ± 0.58	11.7 ±1.15	13.7±0.58	NI	13.0±0.58	13.7±0.58	13.0±1.00	15.0±0.0	NI
	Croton marostachyus Del.					Calpurnia aurea (Ait.)Benth
	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	C	DMSO	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	C	DMSO
	12.0±1.00	28±0.29	21.0±1.00	28.3±3.10	NI	12.3±0.58	23.3± 1.15	14.3±1.15	23.3± 1.15	NI
	Ostegia integrifolia Benth
	Hexane	Chloroform	Methanol	C	DMSO
	18.0±0.0	23.3±0.29	13.7±0.58	20.7±0.58	NI

Abbreviation: C, Contamazole.