Acid-Fast Bacilli Positivity Rate and Associated Factors among Leprosy Suspected Cases attending Selected Health Facilities located in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study sites include three hospitals and five health centers in the West Arsi zone.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Leprosy Suspected Cases Attending Selected Health Facilities Located in West Arsi Zone, August 2020‒December 2020 (N = 422)

Variables	Category	Frequency (%)
Age in year	0‒14	12 (2.84)
	15–20	87 (20.6)
	>20	323 (76.5)
Sex	Male	240 (56.9)
	Female	182 (43.1)
Marital status	Married	315 (74.6)
	Single	73 (17.3)
	Widowed	29 (6.9)
	Divorced	5 (1.2)
Educational status	No formal education	195 (46.2)
	1–4	112 (26.5)
	5–8	101 (23.9)
	9–12	14 (3.4)
Occupation	Employed	7 (1.7)
	House wife	94 (22.3)
	Day worker	52 (12.3)
	Merchant	70 (16.6)
	Student	41 (9.7)
	Farmer	154 (36.5)
	Others*	4 (0.9)
Place of residence	Urban	41 (9.7)
	Rural	381 (90.3)
Woreda	Lowland	13 (3)
	Midland	23 (5.5)
	Highland	386 (91.5)

Note: *Drivers, domestic servant.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Leprosy Suspected Cases Attending Selected Health Facilities Located in West Arsi Zone, August 2020‒December 2020 (N = 422)

Variables	Category	Frequency (%)
With whom do you live	With family	413 (97.9)
	Alone	9 (2.1)
Number of family member	<4	296 (70.1)
	4	90 (21.3)
	>4	36 (8.5)
Monthly income in Ethiopian Birr	<1000	291 (68.9)
	1000–2000	65 (15.4)
	2000–3000	59 (14)
	>3000	7 (1.7)
Presence of hypopigmented skin	Yes	308 (73)
	No	114 (27)
Types of lesions	Papules	186 (60.4)
	Pustules	80 (26)
	Nodules	37 (12)
	Others	5 (1.6)
Lesions with pain	Yes	105 (34.1)
	No	203 (65.9)
Numbness on hands	Yes	80 (19)
	No	342 (81)
Eyelid exhaustion	Yes	14 (3.3)
	No	408 (96.7)
Difficulty in clothing eyelid	Yes	7 (1.7)
	No	415 (98.3)
Presence of nodules on face and ears	Yes	53 (12.6)
	No	369 (87.4)
Types of Leprosy	MB	49 (11.6)
	PB	373 (88.4)
History of a family member with leprosy	Yes	79 (18.7)
	No	343 (81.3)
Close contact with leprosy patients	Yes	170 (40.3)
	No	252 (59.7)
Duration of close contact with leprosy patients	<3	41 (24.1)
	≥3	129 (75.9)
Number of rooms in the houses	<4	296 (70.1)
	4	90 (21.4)
	>4	36 (8.5)
Are you DM patient?	Yes	9 (2.1)
	No	413 (97.9)

Abbreviations: MB, multibacillary; PB, paucibacillary; DM, diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positivity rate according to specimen collection site among leprosy suspected cases attending selected health facilities located in West Arsi zone, August 2020‒December 2020.

Figure 3 Frequency of AFB detection across the study sites among leprosy suspected cases attending selected health facilities located in West Arsi zone, August 2020‒December 2020 (N=46).

Abbreviations: LSC, leprosy suspected cases; SCSH, Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized hospital; KH, Kokosa hospital, GH, Gambo hospital; KoHC, Kore health center; KHC, Kofale health center; AHC, Adaba health center; NHC, Nensebo health center; GAHC, Gedeb hasasa health center.

Table 3 Bivariable and Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with AFB Positivity Rate Among Leprosy Suspected Cases Attending Selected Health Facilities Located in West Arsi Zone, August 2020‒December 2020

Independent Variables		AFB		COR (95% CI)	p-value	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
		Positive n (%)	Negative n (%)
Types of leprosy	MB	16 (32.7%)	33 (67.4%)	5.543 (2.742‒11.209)	0.025	4.181 (1.088‒7.370)	0.021*
	PB	30 (8%)	343 (92%)	1
History of family member with leprosy	Yes	15 (19%)	64 (81%)	2.33 (1.204‒4.622)	0.043	1.493 (0.370‒6.026)	0.573
	No	31 (9%)	312 (91%)	1
Close contact with known leprosy patients	Yes	27 (15.9%)	143 (84.1%)	5.315 (1.242‒4.316)	0.025	2.433 (0.227‒0.824)	0.032*
	No	19 (7.5%)	233 (92.5%)	1
Did you feel numbness on your hands	Yes	15 (18.8%)	65 (81.2%)	2.315 (1.182‒4.533)	0.04	1.529 (0.130‒2.151)	0.37
	No	31 (9.1%)	311 (90.1%)	1
Educational status	NFE	28 (14.4%)	167 (85.6%)	3.670 (1.120‒2.488)	0.01	2.139 (0.022‒0.874)	0.03*
	1–12	18 (7.9%)	209 (92.1%)	1
Place of residence	Urban	7 (17.1%)	34 (82.9%)	1.805 (0.750‒4.346)	0.18	1.086 (0.078‒15.095)	0.95
	Rural	39 (10.2%)	342 (89.8%)	1
Monthly income in ETB	<1000.00	35 (12%)	256 (88%)	2.316 (0.846‒4.047)	0.22	1.1 (0.036‒6.100)	0.84
	≥1000.00	11 (8.4%)	120 (91.6%)	1
Presence of hypo pigmentation on skin	Yes	37 (12%)	271 (88%)	1.593 (0.743‒3.415)	0.23	1.157 (0.280‒4.780)	0.84
	No	9 (7.9%)	105 (92.1%)	1
Eyelid exhaustion	Yes	3 (21.4%)	11 (78.6%)	2.315 (0.621‒8.6240)	0.21	0.041 (0.001‒1.828)	0.09
	No	43 (10.5%)	365 (89.5%)	1
Problem of clothing eyelids	Yes	2 (28.6%)	5 (71.4%)	3.373 (0.635‒7.905)	0.15	2.1 (0.197‒3.533)	0.20
	No	44 (10.6%)	371 (89.4%)	1
Experience of nodules on skin	Yes	9 (17%)	44 (83%)	1.835 (0.830‒4.058)	0.13	0.379 (0.051‒2.836)	0.34
	No	37 (10%)	332 (90%)	1
Years of closer contact with leprosy patients	<3	1 (2.4%)	40 (97.6%)	1
	≥3	26 (20.2%)	103 (79.8)	4.444 (0.231‒7.853)	0.034	8.503 (1.255‒7.628)	0.02*
Number of rooms in house	<4	26 (8.8%)	270 (91.2%)	1
	≥4	20 (15.9%)	106 (84.1%)	5.564 (2.372‒11.853)	0.01	8.414 (1.062‒10.628)	0.04

Note: *Significantly associated variables.

Abbreviations: MB, multibacillary; PB, paucibacillary; NFE, no formal education; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.