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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Drexlervirial Bacteriophage IME268 with Lytic Activity Against Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Pages 1533-1546 | Published online: 05 Apr 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A) Morphology of IME268 plaques. Phages were plated in LB agar and overlaid with a liquid culture of K. pneumoniae 1733. The plates were incubated at 37°C. Clear, well-defined IME268 plaques were observed and photographed. (B) The morphology of phage IME268. IME268 was negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The scale bar represents 50 nm.

Figure 1 (A) Morphology of IME268 plaques. Phages were plated in LB agar and overlaid with a liquid culture of K. pneumoniae 1733. The plates were incubated at 37°C. Clear, well-defined IME268 plaques were observed and photographed. (B) The morphology of phage IME268. IME268 was negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. The scale bar represents 50 nm.

Figure 2 Biological characterization of bacteriophage IME268. The optimal MOI (A) and one-step growth curve of phage IME268 (B); Results are presented as mean values ± SD. Strains at the optimal MOI. The supernatants were harvested at 10 min intervals post-infection, and titers were determined using the double-layer method.

Figure 2 Biological characterization of bacteriophage IME268. The optimal MOI (A) and one-step growth curve of phage IME268 (B); Results are presented as mean values ± SD. Strains at the optimal MOI. The supernatants were harvested at 10 min intervals post-infection, and titers were determined using the double-layer method.

Figure 3 Stability of IME268 under various conditions. (A) Temperature. (B) pH stability. (C) UV radiation stability. (D) Chloroform sensitivity. Survived phage particles were determined by double-layer tests. Error bars show the SEM among triplicate samples.

Figure 3 Stability of IME268 under various conditions. (A) Temperature. (B) pH stability. (C) UV radiation stability. (D) Chloroform sensitivity. Survived phage particles were determined by double-layer tests. Error bars show the SEM among triplicate samples.

Table 1 Predicted ORFs in the genome of phage IME268

Figure 4 Genome map of bacteriophage IME268 and its genetic characteristics. Patterns are divided into four circles. From the outside to the inside: The outermost represents the forward reading frame, followed by the outermost circle represents the reverse reading frame.

Figure 4 Genome map of bacteriophage IME268 and its genetic characteristics. Patterns are divided into four circles. From the outside to the inside: The outermost represents the forward reading frame, followed by the outermost circle represents the reverse reading frame.

Figure 5 Phylogenetic analysis of phages belonging to different genera of the family Drexlerviridae based on their terminase large subunit (A) and capsid proteins (B). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates (red box).

Figure 5 Phylogenetic analysis of phages belonging to different genera of the family Drexlerviridae based on their terminase large subunit (A) and capsid proteins (B). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrap replicates (red box).