Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Assessment on LifeStyle, Public Health Measures Practiced by Society and Their Impact to Contain COVID-19 Transmission Among Afar Community in Selected Parts of Afar Region, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Participants (n = 266)

Variables	Categories	Number of Respondents (n)	Percent (%)
Districts	Dubti	105	39.5
	Asayita	100	37.6
	Samara-Logia	61	22.9
Kebeles	Debel and Haliberi	35	13.2
	Gebelayto	35	13.2
	02 Kebele	35	13.2
	03 Kebele	31	11.7
	04 Kebele	30	11.3
	05 Kebele	30	11.3
	Barga	21	7.9
	Bok’atu	18	6.8
	Hinale	14	5.3
	Corodora	17	6.4
Age (years)	15–24	34	12.8
	25–34	67	25.2
	35–44	91	34.2
	>44	74	27.8
Sex	Male	174	65.4
	Female	92	34.6
Level of education	No formal education	164	61.7
	Primary	21	7.9
	Secondary	33	12.4
	Above secondary	48	18.0
Occupational status	Merchants	43	16.2
	Pastoralists	128	48.1
	Daily laborers	23	8.6
	NGO	10	3.8
	Governmental	53	19.9
	Unemployed	9	3.4
Residence	Rural	133	50.0
	Urban	133	50.0
	Total	266	100.0

Table 2 Assessment of the Life Style of Participants

Variables	Categories	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
In what kind of housing do you live?	Partition and ventilated	129	48.5
	Non-partition and without ventilation	132	49.6
	Both	5	1.9
What kind of food do you like to consume?	Raw meat	2	0.8
	Cooked meat	11	4.1
	Raw milk	42	15.8
	Boiled milk	7	2.6
	Cooked vegetable	5	1.9
	Raw vegetables and fruits	5	1.9
	Mixed	194	72.9
Do you smoke cigarette?	No	189	71.1
	Yes	77	28.9
Do you know smoking cigarette is a predisposing factor for COVID-19?	No	151	56.8
	Yes	115	43.2
Do you have a habit of chewing chat/khat?	No	133	50.0
	Yes	133	50.0
Do you know chewing chat/khat is a predisposing factor for COVID-19?	No	180	67.7
	Yes	86	32.3
What kind of water source do you use for drinking?	Surface water	30	11.3
	Ground water	68	25.6
	Pipe water	146	54.9
	Surface and pipe water	15	5.6
	Ground and pipe water	7	2.6
Do you have a transportation history outside your district since COVID-19 outbreak?	No	130	48.9
	Yes	136	51.1
Do you use alcohol or/and hand sanitizers as a disinfectant?	No	146	54.9
	Yes	120	45.1
Is the water always available?	No	74	27.8
	Yes	192	72.2

Table 3 Assessment of Public Health Measures Practiced by Society to Contain COVID-19 Transmission

Variables	Categories	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
What type of preventive measures you use while transporting?	Face mask	113	42.5
	Hand glove	10	3.8
	Hand sanitizer or/and alcohol	10	3.8
	Mixed	64	24.1
	None	69	25.9
Do you know COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease?	No	171	64.3
	Yes	95	35.7
From what sources of information you aware about COVID-19?	TV or/and radio	193	72.6
	Health-care workers	28	10.5
	Other social media and people	10	3.8
	Others	20	7.5
	Have no awareness	15	5.6
Do you have nearby health-care facility for COVID-19?	No	134	50.4
	Yes	132	49.6
Do you visit health-care facility when you feel discomfort?	No	85	32
	Yes	181	68
What kind of symptom/ signs of COVID-19 do you know?	Coughing	15	5.6
	Fever	15	5.6
	Difficulty of breathing	11	4.1
	Headache	4	1.5
	Sneezing	2	0.8
	Mixed signs	210	78.9
	Not know clinical signs	9	3.4
What measures do you take if somebody shows signs/symptoms of COVID-19?	Reporting to concerned body	113	42.5
	Isolation	17	6.4
	Taking to health-care facility	59	22.2
	Ignoring	6	2.3
	Reporting and isolation	26	9.8
	Reporting and taking to health care facility	45	16.9
What are the transmission methods of COVID-19 do you know?	Contact	77	28.9
	Aerosol	36	13.5
	Ingestion	3	1.1
	Mixed	137	51.5
	Not known	13	4.9
What are the precautionary measures you use to prevent COVID-19 transmission?	Physical distancing	36	13.5
	Hand washing	76	28.6
	Wear face mask	9	3.4
	Hand sanitizer/alcohol	6	2.3
	All of the measures	23	8.6
	Mixed measures	109	41
	No measures	7	2.6
Have you avoided hand shaking when greeting somebody?	No	113	42.5
	Yes	153	57.5
Do you maintain physical distancing?	No	119	44.7
	Yes	147	55.3
Do you wash your hand using water and soap?	No	24	9
	Yes	242	91
When do you wash your hand using water and soap?	During food intake	86	32.3
	After hand shaking	11	4.1
	After animal contact	7	2.6
	After return to home from outside	8	3
	Frequently	9	3.4
	Mixed	145	54.5
Do you use face/nose mask?	No	127	47.7
	Yes	139	52.3
What kind/s of public gathering/s do you participate?	Funerals	72	27.1
	Wedding	37	13.9
	Meeting	36	13.5
	Markets	24	9
	All the four	31	11.7
	Wedding and meeting	10	3.8
	Not participated	56	21.1
Do you know public gathering can increase COVID-19 spread?	No	79	29.7
	Yes	187	70.3
What is/are preventive methods you use during public gatherings?	Face mask	127	47.7
	Hand glove	19	7.1
	Sanitizer/alcohol	3	1.1
	All the above	59	22.2
	Face mask and glove	3	1.1
	Face mask and sanitizer/alcohol	21	7.9
	None at all	34	12.8

Table 4 Economic and Zoonotic Impact of COVID-19

Variables	Categories	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Do you think COVID-19 has an impact on your economy/business?	No	13	4.9
	Yes	253	95.1
By how much do you think your business is reduced since COVID-19 pandemic?	Less than half daily income	190	71.4
	More than half daily income	73	27.4
	No economic impacts	3	1.1
Economy level	Low	134	50.4
	Medium	119	44.7
	High	13	4.9
Which type/s of economic impact that affects your business since COVID-19 pandemic?	Loss of market	117	44.0
	Loss of employment	26	9.8
	Lack of transportation	50	18.8
	Loss of market and job	41	15.5
	Others	5	1.9
	No impact	27	10.2
Is there any domestic animal in your home?	No	77	28.9
	Yes	189	71.1
Which domestic animal/s do you have in your home?	Canine	25	9.4
	Caprine	69	25.9
	Ovine	53	19.9
	Bovine	19	7.1
	Camel	21	7.9
	Equine	13	4.9
	None	66	24.8
Do you know COVID-19 can be transmitted from livestock to humans?	No	171	64.3
	Yes	95	35.7
Do you know COVID-19 can be transmitted between livestock?	No	171	64.3
	Yes	95	35.7