Application of Droplet Digital PCR to Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Infections: A Narrative Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Principle and workflow of ddPCR.

Table 1 Summary of Studies Exploring the Use of ddPCR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Infections

Year	Author	Target	Primer and Probe	Instruments
2015	Devonshire et al^Citation19	16S rRNA	Forward 1: 5′-GGGATGCATGTCTTGTGGTG-3′ Reverse 1: 5′-CCGTCGTCGCCTTGGTAG-3′ Probe 1: 5′-CCGTATCTCAGTCCCAGTGT-3′ Forward 2: 5′-GTGATCTGCCCTGCACTTC-3′ Reverse 2: 5′-ATCCCACACCGCTAAAGCG-3′ Probe 2: 5′-AGGACCACGGGATGCATGTCTTGT-3′	Bio-RadQX100^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		rpoB	Forward 1: 5′-CAAAACAGCCGCTAGTCCTAGTC-3′ Reverse 1: 5′-AAGGAGACCCGGTTTGGC-3′ Probe 1: 5′-AGTCGCCCGCAAAGTTCCTCGAA-3′ Forward 2: 5′- GAGCCCCCGACCAAAGA −3′ Reverse 2: 5′- ACATGCAGCCCGAGCTTCT −3′ Probe 2: 5′- CCCGCGTCGGTCGCTATAAGGTC −3′
2016	Devonshire et al.^Citation16	16S rRNA	Forward: 5′-GTGATCTGCCCTGCACTTC-3′ Reverse: 5′-ATCCCACACCGCTAAAGCG-3′ Probe: 5′-AGGACCACGGGATGCATGTCTTGT-3′	Bio-RadQX100^TM droplet digital PCR System
		rpoB	Forward: 5′-CAAAACAGCCGCTAGTCCTAGTC-3′ Reverse: 5′-AAGGAGACCCGGTTTGGC-3′ Probe: 5′-AGTCGCCCGCAAAGTTCCTCGAA-3′
2016	Ushio et al.^Citation15	IS6110	Forward: 5′-GGCGTACTCGACCTGAAAGA-3′ Reverse: 5′-CTGAACCGGATCGATGTGTA-3′ Probe: 5′-CCACCATACGGATAGGGGAT −3′ Forward: 5′-AAGGACCGCAAGCTACTGAA-3′ Reverse: 5′-GTGTTGCCCAACTTGGTCTT-3′ Probe: 5′-ACCTCACCGGTGACGATATC-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		gyrB
2017	Patterson et al.^Citation52	RD9	Forward: 5′-TGAGTGGCGATGGTCAACAC-3′ Reverse: 5′-GATGGCGTTCGGAAAGAAAC-3′ Probe: 5′-ACTACGCGGCTTAGTG-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
2017	Yang et al.^Citation20	IS6110	Forward: 5′-ACCGAAGAATCC GCTGAGAT-3′ Reverse: 5′-GACGCGGTCTTTAAAATCGC-3′ Probe: 5′-CGGGACAACGCCGAATTG-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
2018	Yamamoto et al^Citation22	IS6110	Forward: 5′-GGCGTACTCGACCTGAAAGA-3′ Reverse: 5′-CTGAACCGGATCGATGTGTA-3′ Probe: 5′-CCACCATACGGATAGGGGAT-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		gyrB	Forward: 5′-AAGGACCGCAAGCTACTGAA-3′ Reverse: 5′-GTGTTGCCCAACTTGGTCTT-3′ Probe: 5′-ACCTCACCGGTGACGATATC-3′
2018	Song et al.^Citation21	CFP10	Forward: 5-AAGCAGCCAATAAGCAGAAGC-3′ Reverse: 5′- AGCCCATTTGCGAGGACA-3′ Probe: 5′-GACGAATATTCGTCAGGCCGG-3′	Bio-RadQX100^TMDroplet Digital PCR System
		Rv1768	Forward: 5′-CGGCAACAGATTTGGCGAACA-3′ Reverse: 5′-CGCTCCGAACAACGCGGCTAT-3′ Probe: 5′- TTAGTGCAGCCAACGCGGCCGCG-3′
2019	Cheng et al.^Citation18	RLEP	Forward: 5′-GCAGCAGTATCGTGTTAGTGAA-3′ Reverse: 5′-CGCTAGAAGGTTGCCGTAT-3′ Probe: 5′-CGCCGACGGCCGGATCATCGA-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		groEL	Forward: 5′-GCCGGGTGCAGCAGTATC-3′ Reverse: 5′-CCGACGGCCGGATCA-3′ Probe: 5′-TGTTAGTGAACAGTGCATCG-3′
2019	Luo et al.^Citation33	IS6110	Forward: 5′-GACCTGAAAGACGTTATCC-3′ Reverse: 5′-GGCTAGTG-CATTGTCATAG-3′ Probe:5′-CCATACGGATAGGGGATCTCAGTACAC-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
2020	Nyaruaba et al.^Citation26	IS6110	Forward: 5′-AGCGCCGCTTCGGACCACCAG-3′ Reverse: 5′-AGGCGTCGGTGACAAAGGCCACGTA-3′ Probe: 5′ -CGGCTGTGGGTAGCAGACCTCACC-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		IS1081	Forward: 5′-CAGCCCGACGCCGAATCAGTTGTT-3′ Reverse: 5′-GGTGCGGGCGGTGTCGAGGTG-3′ Probe: 5′-CGCAGCGGTACTCGACGCTCTGACCGAC AAGCTGCG-3′
2020	Cho et al.^Citation17	IS6110	Forward: 5′-GGCGTACTCGACCTGAAAGA-3′ Reverse: 5′-CTGAACCGGATCGATGTGTA-3′ Probe: 5′-CCACCATACGGATAGGGGAT-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		gyrB	Forward: 5′-AAGGACCGCAAGCTACTGAA-3′ Reverse: 5′-GTGTTGCCCAACTTGGTCTT-3′ Probe: 5′-ACCTCACCGGTGACGATATC-3′
2021	Belay et al.^Citation31	IS6110	Forward: 5′-AGAAGGCGTACTCGACCTGA-3′ Reverse: 5′-GATCGTCTCGGCTAGTGCAT-3′ Probe: 5′-AGGCAGGCATCCAACCG-3′	BioRadQX200^TM Droplet Digital PCR System
		rpoB	Forward: 5′-CAAAACAGCCGCTAGTCCTAGTC-3′ Reverse: 5′-AAGGAGACCCGGTTTGGC-3′ Probe: 5′-AGTCGCCCGCAAAGTTCCTCGAA-3′

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