The Epidemiological, Clinical Features and Outcomes of Imported Chinese COVID-19 Patients Following Inactivated Vaccines Injection

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Vaccination

Demographic and Clinical Features	Overall Patients (N = 46)
Sex, male	41/46 (89.1%)
Age, years	40.5±9.8
Chinese Han ethnicity	46/46 (100%)
BMI	24.3±2.7
Smoking	13/46 (28.3%)
Vaccination
Fully vaccinated	40/46 (87%)
Partly vaccinated	6/46 (13%)
The time interval of vaccination to infection	88 (33–123)
Expose to COVID-19 family members or patients	46/46 (100%)
Source countries of imported cases (n, %) (N=45)
Pakistan	18/46 (39.1%)
Sudan	10/46 (21.7%)
United Arab Emirates	9/46 (19.6%)
Uzbekistan	3/46 (6.6%)
Others (Serbia/Tajikistan/Kyrgyzstan/Nigeria)	5/46 (10.9%)
Chronic comorbidity
Hypertension	6/46 (13%)
Diabetes	3/46 (6.6%)
Respiratory diseases	3/46 (6.6%)
Gastrointestinal diseases	2/46 (4.4%)
Sinusitis	2/46 (4.4%)
Signs and symptoms
Fever, ≥37.3°C	3/46 (6.6%)
≥38.0°C	0/46 (0%)
Cough	3/46 (6.6%)
Dry cough	1/46 (2.2%)
Productive cough	2/46 (4.4%)
Fatigue	2/46 (4.4%)
Pharyngalgia	1/46 (2.2%)
Headache	1/46 (2.2%)
Myalgia	1/46 (2.2%)
Shortness of breath	0/46 (0%)
Anorexia	0/46 (0%)
Diarrhoea	0/46 (0%)
≥two above-mentioned signs or symptoms	4/46 (8.8%)
Laboratory testing
ALT (U/L; normal range 0–41)	6/46 (13.0%), 24.5±12.8
AST (U/L; normal range 0–37)	11/46 (23.9%), 29.2±19.2
LDH (U/L; normal range 115–220)	4/46 (8.8%), 170.9±45.1
Creatine kinase (U/L; normal range 24–190)	3/46 (6.5%), 123.8±170.1
CRP (mg/L; normal range 0–8)	6/46 (13.0%), 4.8±5.6
ESR (mm/h; normal range 0–15)	18/46 (39.1%), 18.6±17.5
D-dimer (mg/L; normal range 0–0.4)	0/46 (0%), 0.15±0.18
Increased procalcitonin	2/46 (4.4%)
Chest CT findings
Normal	32/46 (69.6%)
Unilateral pneumonia	6/46 (13.0%)
Bilateral pneumonia	8/46 (17.4%)
Multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity	7/46 (15.2%)
Pleural effusion	0/46 (0%)
Remission time of imaging abnormalities (days, N=14)	7 (6–8)
SARS-CoV-2 shedding period (Negative on 7th day)	35/46 (76.1%)

Note: Data are presented as the mean ± SD or median (IQR), n (%) or n/N (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ULN, upper limit of normal.

Table 2 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Patients with Fully and Partly Vaccinated

Demographic and Clinical Features	Fully Vaccinated (n = 40)	Partly Vaccinated (n = 6)	P value
Sex, male	37 (80.4%)	4 (66.7%)	0.12
Age, years	41 (34–48)	38 (30–51)	0.995
BMI	24.3±2.7	24.1±3.4	0.977
Smoking	11 (27.5%)	2 (33.3%)	1.000
Symptomatic infection	13 (32.5%)	2 (33.3%)	1.000
The time interval of vaccination to infection	66 (30–108)	228 (165–256)	0.000
At least one comorbidity	11 (27.5%)	3 (50%)	0.521
At least one sign or symptom	6 (15%)	1 (16.7%)	1.000
Increased ALT	5 (12.5%)	1 (16.7%)	1.000
Increased AST	9 (22.5%)	2 (3.3%)	0.947
Increased LDH	3 (7.5%)	1 (16.7%)	0.440
Increased creatine kinase	3 (7.5%)	0 (0%)	1.000
Increased CRP	5 (12.5%)	1(16.7%)	1.000
Increased ESR	15 (37.5%)	3 (5%)	0.891
Increased procalcitonin	1 (2.5%)	1 (16.7%)	0.246
Abnormal Chest CT findings	12 (35.7%)	2 (33.3%)	1.000
Virus shedding period (Negative on 7th day)	31/40 (77.5%)	4/6 (66.7%)	0.947

Note: Data are presented as the mean ± SD or median (IQR), n (%) or n/N (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ULN, upper limit of normal.

Figure 1 The time interval between vaccination and infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patient number color in red was symptomatic infection and number in black was asymptomatic infection. * Patient with partly vaccinated.

Figure 2 Representative chest CT images of two confirmed COVID-19 patients. A 34-years-old male with mild COVID-19. (A) Chest CT images showing right lung small patchy shadows on admission. (B) The chest imaging alleviated on the third day after admission. (C) Chest CT images complete remission 7 days after admission. A 30-years-old male with moderate COVID-19. (D) Chest CT images showing bilateral ground-glass opacity and patchy shadows on admission. (E) The chest imaging was aggravated, accompanied by vascular shadow and bronchiectasis in the focus on the third day after admission. (F) Chest CT images showing bilateral ground-glass opacity and patchy shadows was improved and the inflammatory exudation was absorbed 20 days after admission. White arrows showed the imaging lesion on chest CT.