Five-Year Survey of Asymptomatic Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in a Romanian Tertiary Care Hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Rectal Swab-Screened Patients. Trends in VRE, ESBL, CPE, and MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii Carriage Between 2015 and 2019

Period Patients	Total n (%)	2015 n (%)	2016 n (%)	2017 n (%)	2018 n (%)	2019 n (%)	p -value (2015–2019)
Screened patients	5008	433	704	1095	1212	1564	↑
Positive patients	1853 (37%)	121 (27.94%)	236 (33.52%)	399 (36.43%)	551 (45.46%)	546 (34.91%)	↑ <0.05
VRE+	885 (17.67%)	39 (9%)	100 (14.2%)	207 (18.9%)	278 (22.93%)	261 (16.68%)	↑ <0.001
E. coli ESBL+	730 (14.57%)	61 (14.08%)	109 (15.48%)	160 (14.61%)	200 (16.5%)	200 (12.78%)	↓ 0.47
E. coli carbapenemase+	19 (0.37%)	0	1 (0.14%)	1 (0.09%)	9 (0.74%)	8 (0.51%)	↑ 0.19
K. pneumoniae ESBL+	408 (8.14%)	33 (7.62%)	63 (8.94%)	97 (8.85%)	98 (8.08%)	117 (7.48%)	↓ 0.92
K. pneumoniae carbapenemase+	255 (5.09%)	5 (1.15%)	17 (2.41%)	64 (5.84%)	91 (7.5%)	78 (4.98%)	↑ <0.001
Other ESBL+ Enterobacterales	157 (3.13%)	19 (4.38%)	16 (2.27%)	57 (5.2%)	18 (1.48%)	47 (3%)	↓ 0.15
Other carbapenemase+ Enterobacterales	33 (0.65%)	0	1 (0.14%)	5 (0.45%)	7 (0.57%)	20 (1.27%)	↑ <0.05
P. aeruginosa MDR/XDR	96 (1.91%)	5 (1.15%)	15 (2.13%)	14 (1.27%)	32 (2.64%)	30 (1.91%)	↑ 0.28
A. baumannii MDR/XDR	80 (1.59%)	5 (1.15%)	12 (1.7%)	10 (0.91%)	21 (1.73%)	32 (2.04%)	↑ 0.22

Notes: + = positive, ↑= increase, ↓= decrease, numbers in bold means statistically significant.

Abbreviations: n, number; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; MDR/XDR, multidrug resistant/extended drug resistant.

Table 2 Trends in the Proportion of MRSA Carriers Between 2015 and 2019

Period Patients	Total n (%)	2015 n (%)	2016 n (%)	2017 n (%)	2018 n (%)	2019 n (%)	p -value (2015–2019)
Screened patients	5083	470	738	1093	1218	1564	↑
MRSA positive	419 (8.24%)	34 (7.23%)	44 (5.96%)	119 (10.89%)	103 (8.45%)	119 (7.6%)	↑ 0.78

Note: ↑= increase.

Abbreviations: n, number; MRSA, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Table 3 Carbapenemase-Producing Microorganisms and Carbapenemase Types

Carba Bacteria	OXA-48 n (%)	MBL n (%)	KPC n (%)	MBL+KPC n (%)	OXA-48 +MBL n (%)	OXA-48 +KPC+MBL n (%)
Kpn	175	28	35	1	13	3
Eco	17	1	1
Ecl	2	6
Ekob	1
Kaer		1
Pst		19		1
Mmo		1
Pmir		1
Sma					1
Total (307)	195 (63.52%)	57 (18.57%)	36 (11.73%)	2 (0.65%)	14 (4.56%)	3 (0.97%)

Abbreviations: n, number; OXA, oxacillinase; MBL, metallo-β-lactamase; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; Kpn, Klebsiella pneumoniae; Eco, Escherichia coli; Ecl, Enterobacter cloacae; Ekob, Enterobacter kobei; Kaer, Klebsiella aeruginosa; Pst, Providencia stuartii; Mmo, Morganella morganii; Pmir, Proteus mirabilis; Sma, Serratia marcescens.

Figure 1 Carbapenemases evolution over time (2015–2019).

Abbreviations: OXA, oxacillinase; MBL, metallo-β-lactamase; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase.