Association of Pre-Existing Comorbidities with Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to COVID-19 Treatment Center in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Age
1–25	83	19.67
26–45	153	36.26
46–65	129	30.57
65+	57	13.51
Mean±SD	(42.43±20.98) years
Sex
Female	151	35.78
Male	271	64.22
Employment status
Employed	222	52.61
Unemployed	200	47.39
Marital status
Single	62	14.69
Married	309	73.22
Divorced/separated	51	12.09

Table 2 Comorbidities and Other Risk Factors Among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the COVID-19 Treatment Center in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Comorbidity
No	201	47.6
Yes	221	52.4
Hypertension
No	338	80.1
Yes	84	19.9
Diabetes mellitus
No	328	77.7
Yes	94	22.3
Cardiovascular diseases
No	350	82.9
Yes	72	17.1
Renal disease
No	393	93.1
Yes	29	6.9
Lung disease
No	383	90.8
Yes	39	9.2
Retroviral infections
No	398	94.31
Yes	24	5.7
Others*
No	398	94.31
Yes	24	5.7
Smoking
No	270	63.98
Yes	152	36.02
Alcohol consumption
Yes	333	78.91
No	89	21.09
Medication history
No	249	59.00
Yes	173	41.00

Note: *Cancer, and liver diseases.

Table 3 Comorbidities Distribution Among Different Age Groups Among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the COVID-19 Treatment Center in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Comorbidities	Age Group
	1–24 Years	25–45 Years	46–65 Years	65+ Years
Retroviral infections
No	79(95.2)	144(94.1)	121(93.8)	54(94.7)
Yes	4(4.8)	9(5.9)	8(6.2)	3(5.3)
Hypertension
No	80(96.4)	138(90.2)	88(68.2)	32(56.1)
Yes	3(3.6)	15(9.8)	41(31.8)	25(43.9)
Diabetes mellitus
No	77(92.8)	132(86.3)	81(62.8)	38(66.7)
Yes	6(7.2)	21(13.7)	48(37.2)	19(33.3)
Cardiovascular diseases
No	76(91.6)	135(88.2)	100(77.5)	39(68.4)
Yes	7(8.4)	18(11.8)	29(22.5)	18(31.6)
Renal diseases
No	79(95.2)	146(95.4)	117(90.7)	51(89.5)
Yes	4(4.8)	7(4.6)	12(9.3)	6(10.5)
Lung diseases
No	74(89.2)	144(94.1)	114(88.4)	51(89.5)
Yes	9(10.8)	9(5.9)	15(11.6)	6(10.5)

Figure 1 Number of coexisting comorbid conditions among COVID 19 patients admitted at Hospitals in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021.

Table 4 Multivariable Logistic Regressions for Factors Associated with Severe Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Patients Admitted to COVID-19 Treatment Center in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Clinical Stages		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
	Non Severe Case	Severe Case
Sex
Female	105	46	1	1
Male	170	100	1.33(0.87, 2.043)	1.17 (0.66, 2.08)
Age
1–25	67	16	1	1
26–45	112	41	1.53 (0.80, 2.94)	0.97(0.35, 2.71)
46–65	71	58	3.42(1.79, 6.53)**	1.08(0.38, 3.04)
>65	26	31	4.99(2.35, 10.62)**	1.58(0.54, 4.63)
Marital status
Single	56	6	1	1
Married	187	122	6.09(2.55, 14.57)*	2.81(0.96, 8.20)
Divorced/separated	33	18	5.09(1.84, 14.11)*	4.56(1.40, 14.76)*
Employment status
Unemployed	151	49	1	1
Employed	125	97	2.39(1.57, 3.63)*	1.47(0.79, 2.74)
Retroviral infections
No	263	135	1	1
Yes	13	11	1.65(0.72, 3.78)	2.22(0.88, 5.59)
Hypertension
No	250	88	1	1
Yes	26	58	6.34(3.76, 10.69)**	2.08(1.09, 3.97)*
Diabetes mellitus
No	242	86	1
Yes	34	60	4.966(3.05, 8.084)**	3.31(1.84, 5.98)**
Cardiovascular diseases
No	256	94	1	1
Yes	20	52	7.08(4.01, 12.49)**	4.22 (2.18, 8.15)**
Renal diseases
No	264	129	1	1
Yes	12	17	2.899(1.34, 6.25)**	2.15(0.87, 5.35)
Lung diseases
No	255	128	1
Yes	21	18	1.71(0.88, 3.32)	1.95(0.88, 4.31)
Smoking status
No	198	72	1
Yes	78	74	2.61(1.72, 3.96)*	1.42 (0.75, 2.69)
Alcohol consumption
No	231	102	1	1
Yes	45	44	2.21 (1.37, 3.566)*	1.07 (0.57, 2.02)

Note: *Significant at p<0.005, **Significant at p<0.001.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.