Time to Recovery from Covid-19 and Its Predictors Among Patients Admitted to Treatment Centers of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), ETHIOPIA: Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Map of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) displaying administrative zones and special woredas covered by the study (retrieved at: www.rippleethiopia.org/page/snnpr).

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Covid-19 Cases Admitted to Treatment Centers of Southern Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Category	Survival Status		Total (%)
		Recovered	Censored
Residence	Urban	454	68	522 (61.78)
	Rural	297	26	323 (38.22)
Age	≤25	246	11	257 (30.41)
	26–40	259	19	278 (32.90)
	≥41	246	64	310 (36.69)
Sex	Male	493	73	566 (66.98)
	Female	258	21	279 (33.02)
Treatment Center	OCSH	365	26	391 (46.27)
	Agana primary hospital	202	19	221 (26.15)
	WCSH	112	29	141 (16.69)
	NEMMCSH	72	20	92 (10.89)

Abbreviations: OCSH, Otona Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; WCSH, Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; NEMMCSH, Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 Cases Admitted to Treatment Centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021

Variables	Category	Survival Status		Total (%)
		Recovered	Censored
Comorbidity	Yes	143	49	192 (22.72)
	No	608	45	653 (77.28)
Oxygen supplemented	No	711	51	762 (90.18)
	Nasal oxygen	31	15	46 (5.44)
	Oxygen mask	9	5	14 (1.66)
	Mechanical ventilation	19	4	23 (2.72)
Symptom	Asymptomatic	459	16	475 (56.21)
	Symptomatic	292	78	370 (43.79)

Figure 2 Frequency distribution of types of comorbidity among Covid-19 cases admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Notes:

, Chronic liver disease;

, Renal disease;

, Chronic cardiac disease;

, Diabetes mellitus (DM);

, Hypertension;

, Other (Asthma, tuberculosis, HIV, chronic lung disease and malignancy);

, No comorbidity.

Figure 3 Percentage distribution of Severity levels among Covid-19 cases admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020- October 15, 2021.

Figure 4 Percentage distribution of treatment outcome among Covid-19 cases admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Notes:

, NR, Recovered;

, Died;

, Transferred;

, Lost.

Table 3 Incidence Density of Recovery by Strata of Categorical Variables Among Covid-19 Cases Admitted to Treatment Centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021

Variables	Category	Recovered	Person Time (in Days)	Incidence Density (Per 100 PD)
Residence	Urban	454	6861	83.14
	Rural	297	2247	88.32
Age	≤25	246	2690	91.44
	26–40	259	2928	88.45
	≥41	246	3490	70.48
Sex	Male	493	6117	80.59
	Female	258	2991	86.25
Comorbidity	Yes	143	2240	63.83
	No	608	6868	88.52
Severity level	Asymptomatic	459	4825	95.12
	Mild	134	4825	69.96
	Moderate	51	554	69.96
	Severe	73	1169	49.64
	Critical	34	943	25.76

Abbreviation: PD, person-days.

Figure 5 Cumulative survival distribution among Covid-19 patients admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Figure 6 Cumulative survival distribution by age among Covid-19 patients admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Figure 7 Cumulative survival distribution by sex among Covid-19 patients admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Figure 8 Cumulative survival distribution by comorbidity among Covid-19 patients admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Figure 9 Cumulative survival distribution by severity among Covid-19 patients admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.

Table 4 Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Predictors of Time to Recovery Among Covid-19 Patients Admitted to Treatment Centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021

Variables	Category	CHR (95% CI)	aHR (95% CI)	P-value
Residence	Urban	0.45 (0.3, 1.20)		0.07
	Rural	1
Age	≤25	1	1
	26–40	0.96 (0.65, 0.98)	0.96 (0.80, 1.14)	0.67
	≥41	0.68 (0.4, 0.85)	1.01 (0.82, 1.25)	0.89
Sex	Male	1	1
	Female	1.15 (1.02, 2.05)	0.96 (0.83, 1.12)	0.67
Treatment Center	OCSH	0.65 (0.23, 0.86)	0.68 (0.51, 0.90)	0.008*
	Agana primary hospital	1.47 (1.02, 1.59)	1.15 (0.86, 1.53)
	WCSH	1	1
	NEMMCSH	0.75 (0.32, 0.89)	1.09 (0.78, 1.52)
Severity Level	Asymptomatic	1	1
	Mild	0.76 (0.45, 0.85)	0.72 (0.59, 0.89)	0.003*
	Moderate	1.07 (0.85, 1.32)	0.90 (0.65, 1.25)	0.54
	Severe	0.51 (0.21, 0.86)	0.40 (0.29, 0.56)	0.0001*
	Critical	0.21 (0.15, 0.56)	0.20 (0.12, 0.29)	0.0001*
Comorbidity	Yes	1	1
	No	1.62 (1.12, 1.75)
Oxygen supplemented	No	1	1
	Nasal oxygen	0.99 (0.12, 1.33)	0.92 (0.62, 1.41)	0.71
	Oxygen mask	1.26 (1.05, 1.5)	0.85 (0.34, 2.09)	0.73
	Mechanical ventilation	0.25 (0.12, 0.65)	0.20 (0.07, 0.56)	0.002*

Note: *-P-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: CHR, crude hazard ratio; AHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; OCSH, Otona Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; NEMMCSH, Nigist Elleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital; WCSH, Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Figure 10 Cox Snell residual test for overall adequacy of the model fitted for time to recovery among Covid-19 patients admitted to treatment centers of Southern Ethiopia from May 30, 2020–October 15, 2021.