Omics Biomarkers for Monitoring Tuberculosis Treatment: A Mini-Review of Recent Insights and Future Approaches

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram of inclusion and exclusion of studies. Reasons for exclusion are: conference abstract; technique (imaging-based, ELISA, XPERT MTB/RIF, sputum conversion); reviews (narrative review, systematic review, meta-analysis); or target of paper (biomarkers for detection of LTBI, biomarkers for diagnosis of TB). Studies reporting biomarkers for extrapulmonary TB was excluded.

Table 1 Potential Monitoring Biomarkers for TB Treatment

Reference	Omic Approaches	Candidate Biomarker	Reported Association	Study Type	Sample Size
Cliff et al (2013)^Citation9	Transcriptomic	Complement C1q, C2, BF, and serpin G1	Treatment efficacy	Ex vivo	n= 27
Cliff et al (2016)^Citation10		Pragmin	Risk of relapse	Cohort	n= 263
Thompson et al (2017)^Citation12		UCP2	Treatment outcome	Cohort	n=131
Ottenhoff et al (2012)^Citation13		IL15RA, UBE2L6, and GBP4	Proinflammatory biomarkers associated with TB treatment	Cohort	n=23
Sweeney et al (2016)^Citation14 Warsinske et al (2018)^Citation15		GBP5, DUSP3, and KLF2	Treatment response	Cohort	n= 81
Wang et al (2018)^Citation16		miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-148b-3p	Therapeutic efficacy	Case-control	n= 353
Jiang et al. (2018)^Citation17	Proteomic	Complement component C7 and angiotensinogen	Therapeutic efficacy	Cohort	n= 82
Kaewseekhao et al (2020)^Citation18		Phosphoryl-tRNA kinase	Treatment monitoring	In vitro	n= 6
Nahid et al (2014)^Citation19		ECM1, YES, IGFBP1, CATZ, coagulation factor V, and serum amyloid	Treatment response	Prospective open-label phase 2B clinical trial	n= 39
Choi et al (2016)^Citation20		Eotaxin	Treatment response	Cohort	n= 305
Yi et al (2019)^Citation22	Metabolomic	L-Histidine, arachidonic acid, biliverdin, and L-cysteine-glutathione disulfide	Cured vs failed treatment	Cohort	n= 130
Dutta et al (2020)^Citation24		Pyridoxate	Treatment response	Cohort	n= 16
Qian et al (2016)^Citation25		Bradykinin and desArg^Citation9-bradykinin	Treatment response	Retrospective cohort	n= 13

Figure 2 Schematic representation of a multi-omics approach to the discovery of monitoring biomarker for TB treatment. WGS, whole genome sequencing; NGS, next-generation sequencing, RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance.

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