Risk Factors Associated with Methicillin Resistance in Hospitalized Newborn Infants with Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Figures & data

Figure 1 The proportion of MRSA in all S. aureus isolates from 2012 to 2018.

Figure 2 Screening flowchart of research objects.

Table 1 The Basic Clinical Characteristics Between the Two Groups

	MRSA Group (n = 49)	MSSA Group (n = 115)	P
Gestational Age (weeks)	38.3 (34.2, 39.9)	39.0 (38.0, 40.0)	0.05
Birth Weight (kg)	3.23 (2.25, 3.68)	3.36 (2.83, 3.69)	0.548
Male	17 (34.7%)	52 (45.2%)	0.211
Caesarean Delivery	27 (55.1%)	62 (53.9%)	0.889
Multiples	5 (10.2%)	7 (6.1%)	0.549
IDM	3 (6.1%)	8 (7.0%)	1.000
Preeclampsia	3 (6.1%)	6 (5.2%)	1.000
Chorioamnionitis	0 (0%)	7 (6.1%)	0.179
Age at Infection (day)	18 (14.0, 28)	12.5 (7.3, 20.0)	0.001
Hospitalization Days Prior to Infection	1 (1, 10.5)	1 (1, 1)	0.003
Transferred from OSH	17 (34.7%)	23 (20.0%)	0.045
Community Acquired	27 (55.1%)	79 (68.7%)	0.096
Mechanical Ventilation^a	10 (20.4%)	11 (9.6%)	0.057
Central Lines	10 (20.4%)	13 (11.3%)	0.003
Surgery	1 (2.0%)	4 (3.5%)	1.000
Antibiotic Use Prior	21 (42.9%)	24 (20.9%)	<0.001
Exclusive Breast Milk	13 (26.5%)	57 (49.6%)	0.006

Note: ^aMechanical ventilation including CPAP.

Abbreviations: IDM, infant of diabetic mother; OSH, transferred from outside hospitals.

Table 2 Comparison of Infection Sites and Clinical Outcomes Between the Two Groups

	MRSA Group (n = 49)	MSSA Group (n = 115)	χ^2/ Z Value	p
Local Infections	30 (61.2%)	74 (64.3%)	0.033	0.857
Pustules	3 (6.1%)	26 (22.6%)	6.416	0.011
Omphalitis	23 (46.9%)	44 (38.3%)	1.071	0.301
Cellulitis/abscess	4 (8.2%)	4 (3.5%)	0.772	0.379
Systemic Infections	19 (38.8%)	41 (35.7%)	0.066	0.797
Bacteremia	16 (32.7%)	39 (33.9%)	0.024	0.876
Osteomyelitis	2 (4.1%)	1 (0.9%)		0.213
Meningitis	1 (2.0%)	1 (0.9%)		0.510
Mortality	2 (4.1%)	7 (6.1%)	0.020	0.887
Hospitalization (day)	11 (7, 44)	8 (5.3, 15.0)	−2.785	0.005
Expenses (RMB Yuan)	14,880 (8394, 72,298)	8851 (4808, 16,040)	−3.611	<0.001

Table 3 Multivariate Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for MRSA Infection

	β	SE	Wald	P	OR	95% CI
Gestational Age (weeks)	−0.016	0.078	0.044	0.834	0.984	0.845–1.146
Age at Infection (day)	0.028	0.024	1.375	0.241	1.028	0.982–1.076
Hospitalization Days Prior to Infection	0.010	0.032	0.098	0.754	1.010	0.949–1.075
Transfer from OSH	−0.232	0.529	0.192	0.662	0.793	0.281–2.239
Community Acquired	−0.110	0.441	0.063	0.803	0.896	0.377–2.126
Mechanical Ventilation^a	−0.684	0.906	0.571	0.450	0.504	0.085–2.978
Central Lines	0.166	0.885	0.035	0.851	1.180	0.208–6.688
Antibiotic Use Prior	1.371	0.506	7.331	0.007	3.939	1.460–10.625
Exclusive Breast Milk	−1.007	0.409	6.076	0.014	0.365	0.164–0.814

Note: ^aMechanical Ventilation including CPAP.

Abbreviation: OSH, transferred from outside hospitals.