Dengue Fever Outbreak Investigation in Werder Town, Dollo Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Geographical location of the study area.

Figure 2 Epidemic curve of Dengue Fever outbreak by date of onset.

Figure 3 Attack rate and number of Dengue Fever cases by age.

Figure 4 Signs and symptoms of Dengue Fever patients.

Figure 5 Attack rate and distribution of Dengue Fever cases.

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Dengue Fever Cases and Controls

Variables	Category	Cases N=57	Controls N=114	Total N=171
Sex	Female	20(35.1%)	44(38.6%)	64(37.4%)
	Male	37(64.9%)	70(61.4%)	107(62.6%)
Age Groups	5–14 year	1(1.8%)	2(1.8%)	3(1.8%)
	15–44 year	38(66.7%)	68(59.6%)	106(62%)
	≥45 year	18(31.5%)	44(38.6%)	62(36.2%)
Marital Status	Single	23(40.4%)	44(38.6%)	67(39.2%)
	Married	34(59.6%)	70(61.4%)	104(60.8%)
Occupation	Jobless	35(61.4%)	63(55.3%)	98(57.3%)
	Private business	20(35.1%)	45(39.5%)	65(38%)
	Government employee	2(3.5%)	6(5.3%)	8(4.7%)
Education	Non formal education	30(52.6%)	59(51.7%)	89(52%)
	Formal education	27(47.4%)	55(48.3%)	82(48%)

Table 2 Knowledge Towards on Dengue Fever Cases and Controls

Variables	Category	Cases N=57	Controls N=114	Total N=171
Heard about DF	Yes	28(49%)	79(69.3%)	107(62.6%)
	No	29(51%)	35(30.7%)	64(37.4%)
Cause of DF	Yes	36(63.2%)	89(78.1%)	125(73.1%)
	No	21(36.8%)	25(21.9%)	46(26.9%)
Is DF Contagious	Yes	16(20%)	33(28.9%)	49(28.7%)
	No	41(80%)	81(71.1%)	122(71.3%)
Mode of Transmission	Yes	21(36.8%)	65(57%)	86(50.3%)
	No	36(63.2%)	49(43%)	85(49.7%)
Knew symptom of DF	Yes	26(45.6%)	59(51.8%)	85(49.7%)
	No	31(54.4%)	55(48.2%)	86(50.3%)
Time of mosquito bites	Yes	29(50.9%)	58(50.9%)	87(50.9%)
	No	28(49.1%)	56(49.1%)	84(49.1%)
Water required for breeding	Yes	20(35.1%)	34(29.8%)	54(31.6%)
	No	37(64.9%)	80(70.2%)	117(68.4%)

Table 3 Risk Factors Towards Dengue Fever Cases and Controls

Variables	Category	Cases N=57	Controls N=114	Total N=171
Infected previously	Yes	3(5.3%)	6(5.3%)	9(5.3%)
	No	54(94.3%)	108(94.7%)	162(94.7%)
Availability of LLINs	Yes	24(42.1%)	66(57.9%)	90(52.6%)
	No	33(57.9%)	48(42.1%)	81(47.4%)
Utilization of LLINs	Yes	17(29.8%)	67(58.8%)	90(52.6%)
	No	40(70.2%)	47(41.2%)	81(47.4%)
Larvae identified	Yes	8(14%)	12(10.5%)	20(11.7%)
	No	49(86%)	102(89.5%)	151(88.3%)
Available of stagnant water	Yes	28(49.1%)	49(43%)	94(55%)
	No	29(50.9%)	65(57%)	77(45%)
Is the water container open?	Yes	34(59.6%)	58(50.9%)	92(53.8%)
	No	23(40.4%)	56(49.1%)	79(46.2%)
House sprayed in the last six months	Yes	14(24.6%)	57(50%)	71(41.5%)
	No	43(75.4%)	57(50%)	100(58.5%)
Available of river around Village	Yes	13(22.8%)	25(21.9%)	38(22.2%)
	No	44(77.2%)	89(78.1%)	133(77.8%)
Close contact in the last 2 weeks	Yes	34(59.6%)	71(62.3%)	105(61.4%)
	No	23(40.4%)	43(37.7%)	66(38.6%)
Travel history DF affected area	Yes	11(19.3%)	19(16.7%)	30(17.5%)
	No	46(80.7%)	95(83.3%)	141(82.5%)
Utilization of mosquito repellent in the skin	Yes	2(3.5%)	3(2.6%)	5(2.9%)
	No	55(96.5%)	111(97.4%)	166(97.1%)
Type of clothes wear	Short sleeves	34(59.6%)	35(30.7%)	69(40.4%)
	Long Sleeves	23(40.4%)	79(69.3%)	102(59.6%)

Table 4 Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis for factors Associated with Dengue Fever Outbreak

Variables	Category	Bivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		COR	95% CI	P-value	AOR	95% CI	P-value
Heard about DF	Yes
	No	2.338	1.215–4.497	0.011	2.185	1.015–4.701	0.046*
Cause of DF	Yes
	No	2.080	1.034–4.171	0.040	2.117	0.936–4.788	0.072
Mode of Transmission	Yes
	No	2.270	1.183–4.372	0.014	2.906	1.338–6.310	0.007*
Availability of LLINs	Yes
	No	1.891	0.993–3.600	0.053	0.517	0.190–1.407	0.197
Utilization of LLINs	Yes
	No	3.354	1.701–6.614	0.000	4.431	1.592–12.330	0.004*
House sprayed insecticide	Yes
	No	3.071	1.516–6.223	0.002	3.589	1.591–8.098	0.002*
Type of clothes wear	Short sleeves
	Long Sleeves	0.300	0.155–0.581	0.000	0.435	0.206–0.918	0.029*

Note: *statistically significant variables with p –value <0.05.