Expression of Serum Cytokines Profile in Neonatal Sepsis

Figures & data

Table 1 The Clinical Characteristics of the Enrolled Neonates

Variables	Neonate Sepsis (n=40)	Control (n=26)	p value
Age, days	12 (3.25–19.75)	10 (7–16.25)	0.672
Male gender, n (%)	25 (62.5)	13 (68.4)	0.775
Temperature (°C)	38.1 (37.13–38.65)	36.8 (36.5–37.2)	<0.0001
Blood culture, n (%)	13 (32.5)	nd	/
Early of sepsis, n (%)	30 (75)	/	/
WBC (x10^9/L)	17 (11.68–21.13)	12.1 (9.9–14.7)	0.005
Neutrophils (x10^9/L)	9.06 (5.34–14.84)	6.14 (4.29–7.76)	0.018
Monocytes (x10^9/L)	1.49 (0.90–2.05)	1.26 (0.96–51.46)	0.189
Lymphocytes (x10^9/L)	4.07 (3.14–5.53)	4.22 (3.43–5.02)	0.942
Platelets (x10^9/L)	316.5 (249–436)	262 (227–345)	0.076
CRP (mg/mL)	9.11 (6.54–10.13)	0.35 (0.18–0.69)	<0.0001
SAA (mg/mL)	29.38 (4.83–36.24)	0.38 (0.04–3.86)	<0.0001

Note: Values are given as median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: nd, not done; WBC, white blood cell; CRP, C reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid protein A.

Figure 1 The chemokines and cytokines were significantly different between controls and neonatal sepsis. The levels of CXCL13 (A), CCL27 (B), CXCL5 (C), CX3CL1 (D), CXCL6 (E), CXCL1 (F), CXCL2 (G), IL-1β (H), IL-6 (I), IL-8 (J), CCL2 (K), CCL8 (L), MIF (M), CCL3 (N), CCL20 (O), CCL23 (P), TNF-α (Q), and CXCL16 (R) in serum from controls (n=26) and neonatal sepsis (n=40). The red horizontal lines show the medians and interquartile range. The difference between control and neonatal sepsis was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Table 2 The Clinical Characteristics of EOS and LOS

Variables	EOS (n=10)	LOS (n=30)	p value
Age, days	2 (1–3)	17 (11.75–21.25)	<0.001
Male gender, n (%)	4 (40)	21 (70)	0.135
Temperature (°C)	37.15 (36.63–37.5)	38.45 (38–38.73)	0.0006
Blood culture, n (%)	0	13 (43.3)	<0.001

Abbreviations: EOS, early of sepsis; LOS, late of sepsis.

Figure 2 The levels of IL-17 (A), CCL20 (B), and IL-16 (C) in serum from control(n=26, EOS (n=10) and LOS (n=30). The red horizontal lines show the medians and interquartile range. The difference between control and neonatal sepsis was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0. 01.

Figure 3 Levels of cytokines and chemokines before and after treatment in 15 neonates with sepsis. The levels of CXCL13 (A), CX3CL1 (B), IL-1β (C), IL-6 (D), IL-8 (E), IL-16 (F), MIF (G), CCL23 (H), CXCL16 (I), and TNF-alpha (J) in serum from sepsis neonates (n=15) before and after treatment. Differences before and after treatment were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.