Laboratory Findings in Different Disease Status of COVID-19 Admitted Patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital Treatment Center, South Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Factors of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients (n=220) to Dilla University Referral Hospital, December 2021

	Socio-Demographic Factors	Frequency	Percent (%)
Sex	Male	123	55.9
	Female	97	44.1
Age	<30 years	38	17.3
	30–49 years	69	31.4
	50+ years	113	51.4
Occupation	House wife	47	21.4
	Unemployed	41	18.6
	Government employed	31	14.1
	Farmer	30	13.6
	Self-employed	28	12.7
	Merchant	20	9.1
	Student	15	6.8
	Daily laborer	4	1.8
	Driver	3	1.4

Table 2 Disease Status of Admitted COVID-19 Confirmed Cases (n=220) to Dilla University Referral Hospital, December 2021

Variables	Category	Improved	Died
		Frequency (%)	Frequency (%)
Age	<30 years	29 (17.4)	9 (18.4)
	30–49 years	58 (34.7)	11 (22.4)
	50+ years	80(47.9)	29 (59.2%)
Sex	Male	96 (57.5)	28 (57.1)
	Female	71 (42.5)	21 (42.9)
Disease status	Mild	11 (6.6)	0 (0)
	Moderate	86 (51.5)	1 (2)
	Sever	70 (41.9)	48 (98)

Table 3 Laboratory Findings of Admitted COVID-19 Cases to Dilla University Referral Hospital, December 2021

Laboratory Parameters	Normal Range	Total	Sever	Moderate	Mild
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Neutrophils x10^9 /L	>7.5	140 (71.1)	87 (77.7)	49 (64.5)	3 (50.0)
	2.0–7.5	51 (25.9)	21 (18.8)	25 (32.9)	3 (50.0)
	>2.0	6 (3)	4 (3.6)	2 (2.6)	0 (0)
N		197	112	76	6
Lymphocytes x10^9 /L	>4.8	3 (1.5)	3 (2.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	1.0–4.8	60 (30.5)	27 (24.1)	27 (35.5)	3 (50.0)
	<1.0	134 (68.0)	82 (73.2)	49 (64.5)	3 (50.0)
N		197	112	76	6
Platelets x10^9 /L	>450	14 (7.1)	12 (10.7)	1 (1.3)	0 (0)
	150–450	142 (72.1)	77 (68.8)	58 (76.3)	5 (83.3)
	<150	41 (20.8)	23 (20.5)	17 (22.4)	1 (16.7)
N		197	112	76	6
WBC x10^9 /L	>11.0	86 (43.7)	49 (43.8)	35 (46.1)	2 (33.3)
	4.5–11.0	93 (47.2)	55 (49.1)	32 (42.1)	2 (33.3)
	<4.5	18 (9.1)	8 (7.1)	9 (11.8)	2 (33.3)
N		197	112	76	6
RBC x10^12/L	>5.65	6 (3)	6 (5.4)	1 (1.3)	0 (0)
	3.92–5.65	159 (80.7)	94 (83.9)	56 (73.7)	6 (100.0)
	<3.92	32 (16.2)	12 (10.7)	19 (25.0)	0 (0)
N		197	112	76	6
Hct %	>48.6	14 (7.1)	8 (7.1)	6 (7.9)	0 (0)
	35.5–48.6	123 (62.4)	72 (64.3)	41 (53.9)	5 (83.3)
	<35.5	60 (30.5)	32 (28.6)	29 (38.2)	1 (16.7)
N		197	112	76	6
AST U/L	>48	46 (75.4)	31 (79.5)	13 (65.0)	2 (100.0)
	8–48	15 (24.6)	8 (20.5)	7 (35.0)	0 (0)
N		61	39	20	2
ALT U/L	>55	37 (61.7)	26 (66.7)	10 (52.6)	1 (50.0)
	7–55	23 (38.3)	13 (33.3)	9 (47.4)	1 (50.0)
N		60	39	19	2
ALP U/L	>147	26 (78.8)	14 (70.0)	11 (91.7)	1 (100.0)
	44–147	4 (12.1)	3 (15.0)	1 (8.3)	0 (0)
	<44	3 (9.1)	3 (15.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
N		33	20	12	1
Bil.D mg/dL	>0.3	10 (100)	4 (100.0)	6 (100.0)	0 (0)
	0–0.3	0 (0)	0(0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
N		10	4	6	0
Bil. T mg/dL	≥1.2	7 (70.0)	3 (75.0)	4 (66.7)	0 (0)
	<1.2	3 (30)	1 (25.0)	2 (33.3)	0 (0)
N		10	4	6	0
Cr mg/dL	>1.3	57 (43.5)	39 (44.8)	18 (46.2)	0 (0)
	0.7–1.3	58 (44.3)	44 (50.6)	11 (28.2)	3 (60.0)
	<0.7	16 (12.2)	4 (4.6)	10 (25.6)	2 (40.0)
N		131	87	39	5
BUN mg/dL	>24	36 (27.5)	28 (32.2)	8 (20.5)	1 (20.0)
	6–24	94 (71.8)	59 (67.8)	30 (76.9)	4 (80.0)
	<6	1 (8)	0 (0)	1 (2.6)	0 (0)
N		131	87	39	5
Na mmol/L	>145	12 (35.3)	9 (32.1)	3 (60.0)	0 (0)
	135–145	9 (26.5)	9 (32.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	<135	13 (38.2)	10 (35.8)	2 (40.0)	1 (100.0)
N		34	28	5	1
K mmol/L	>5	4 (12.1)	2 (7.1)	2 (50.0)	0 (0)
	3.5–5	20 (60.6)	17 (60.7)	2 (50.0)	1 (100.0)
	<3.5	9 (27.3)	9 (32.1)	0 (0)	0(0)
N		33	28	4	1
Cl mmol/L	>108	9 (28.1)	8 (29.6)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)
	98–108	12 (37.5)	9 (33.3)	2 (50.0)	1 (100.0)
	<98	11 (34.4)	10 (37.0)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)
N		32	27	4	1
Total Ca mmol/L	>2.9	15 (78.9)	13 (76.5)	2 (100.0)	0 (0)
	2.2–2.9	4 (21.1)	4 (23.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)
N		19	17	2	0
HDL mg/dL	≥50	6 (75.0)	2 (66.7)	3 (75.0)	0 (0)
	<50	2 (25.0)	1 (3.3)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)
N		8	3	4	0
LDL mg/dL	≥100	6 (75.0)	0 (0)	2 (50.0)	0 (0)
	<100	2 (25.0)	3 (100.0)	2 (50.0)	0 (0)
N		8	3	4	0
Triglycerides mg/dL	≥150	5 (62.5)	2 (66.7)	2 (50.0)	0 (0)
	<150	3 (37.5)	1 (33.3)	2 (50.0)	0 (0)
N		8	3	4	0
Total cholesterol mg/dL	≥200	6 (75.0)	3 (100.0)	3 (75.0)	0 (0)
	<200	2 (25.0)	0 (0)	1 (25.0)	0 (0)
N		8	3	4	0

Figure 1 The mean number of Neutrophils and Lymphocytes of COVID-19 cases in severe, moderate and mild disease status. There was a significant mean number of Neutrophils differences between severe and mild cases (p=0.04).

Abbreviations: Neut-Sev, neutrophils in severe cases; Neut-Mod, neutrophils in moderate cases; Neut-Mil, neutrophils in mild cases; Lym-Sev, lymphocytes in severe cases; Lym-Mod, lymphocytes in moderate cases; Lym-Mil, lymphocytes in mild cases.

Figure 2 The mean number of WBCs, RBCs and platelets of COVID-19 cases in severe, moderate and mild disease status. There were a significant mean number of WBCs differences between severe and mild cases (p=0.02), mean RBCs differences between severe and moderate cases (0.005), and mean platelets differences between severe and mild cases (p=0.03).

Abbreviations: WBC-Sev, WBCs in severe cases; WBC-Mod, WBCs in moderate cases; WBC-Mil, WBCs in mild cases; RBC-Sev, RBCs in severe cases; RBC-Mod, RBCs in moderate cases; RBC-Mil, RBCs in mild cases; Plat-Sev, platelets in severe cases; Plat-Mod, platelets in moderate cases; Plat-Mil, platelets in mild cases.

Figure 3 The mean level of AST, ALT, ALP, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin of COVID-19 cases in severe, moderate and mild disease status.

Abbreviations: AST-Sev, AST in severe cases; AST-Mod, AST in moderate cases; AST-Mil, AST in mild cases; ALT-Sev, ALT in severe cases; ALT-Mod, ALT in moderate cases; ALT-Mil, ALT in mild cases; ALP-Sev, ALP in severe cases; ALP-Mod, ALP in moderate cases; ALP-Mil, ALP in mild cases; Direct bil-Sev, direct bilirubin in severe cases; Direct bil-Mod, direct bilirubin in moderate cases; Direct bil-Mil, direct bilirubin in mild cases; Total bilirubin-Sev, total bilirubin in severe cases; Total bilirubin-Mod, total bilirubin in moderate cases; Total bilirubin-Mil, total bilirubin in mild cases.

Figure 4 The mean level of Cr and BUN of COVID-19 cases in severe, moderate and mild disease status. There was a significant mean Cr concentration differences between severe and mild cases (p=0.00).

Abbreviations: Cr-Sev, Cr in severe cases; Cr-Mod, Cr in moderate cases; Cr-Mil, Cr in mild cases; BUN-Sev, BUN in severe cases; BUN-Mod, BUN in moderate cases; BUN-Mil, BUN in mild cases.

Figure 5 The mean level of Na, K, Cl and Ca of COVID-19 cases in severe, moderate and mild disease status. There was a significant mean Na concentration differences between severe and moderate cases (p=0.04).

Abbreviations: Na-Sev, Na in severe cases; Na-Mod, Na in moderate cases; K-Sev, K in severe cases; K-Mod, K in moderate cases; Ca-Sev, Ca in severe cases; Ca-Mod, Ca in moderate cases.

Figure 6 The mean level of HDL, LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol of COVID-19 cases in severe, moderate and mild disease status.

Abbreviations: HDL-Sev, HDL in severe cases; HDL-Mod, HDL in moderate cases; LDL-Sev, LDL in severe cases; LDL-Mod, LDL in moderate cases; Trigl-Sev, triglycerides in severe cases; Trigl-Mod, triglycerides in moderate cases; Total chol-Sev, total cholesterol in severe cases; Total chol-Mod, total cholesterol in moderate cases.