Clinical Analysis and Risk Factors of Bronchiolitis Obliterans After Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Figures & data

Figure 1 The HRCT of a girl with PIBO. (A) HRCT at diagnosis of PIBO. (B) Mosaic perfusion patterns disappeared after 6 years.

Table 1 Comparisons of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Between BO and Non-BO

	BO	Non-BO	P-value
Number of patients (n)	n=22	n=88
Male, n (%)	12 (54.55)	48 (54.55)	>0.999
Age (months)	20 (13.00, 30.50)	33.00 (15.50, 64.50)	0.011
Premature birth, n (%)	3 (13.64)	0 (0.0)	0.007
A history of allergic, n (%)	6 (27.27)	12 (13.64)	0.221
Allergic disease, n (%)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.27)	>0.999
A history of wheezing, n (%)	6 (27.27)	3 (3.41)	0.001
Clinical manifestations
Length of hospital stay	20.50 (16.75, 32.50)	14.00 (12.00, 19.00)	<0.001
Duration of fever	13.00 (4.75, 14.50)	8.00 (2.00, 11.00)	0.018
Peak temperature, °C	39.50±0.579	39.38±0.807	0.136
Wheezing, n (%)	22 (100.0)	36 (40.91)	<0.001
Tachypnoea, n (%)	16 (72.73)	26 (29.55)	<0.001
Hypoxemia, n (%)	18 (81.82)	18 (20.45)	<0.001
Respiratory failure, n (%)	13 (59.09)	15 (17.05)	<0.001
Treatment
Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%)	10 (45.45)	7 (7.95)	<0.001
Length of mechanical ventilation, d	8.60±3.78	6.29±2.81	0.392
CPAP, n (%)	5 (22.72)	7 (7.95)	0.108
Use of glucocorticoids, n (%)	19 (86.36)	51 (57.95)	0.013
Use of immunoglobulin, n (%)	14 (63.64)	17 (19.32)	<0.001

Table 2 Comparisons of Auxiliary Examinations Between BO and Non-BO Groups

	BO	Non-BO	P-value
Number of patients (n)	n=22	n=88
Laboratory findings
WBC (×10^9/L)	8.90 (5.88, 16.59)	9.69 (6.66, 14.00)	0.794
HGB, g/L	117.86±13.49	120.93±14.06	0.602
PLT (×10^9/L)	307.50 (259.00, 471.75)	317.00 (237.00, 400.00)	0.862
CRP, mg/L	1.35 (6.62, 31.70)	11.40 (4.48, 39.21)	0.127
AST, U/L	64 (46.75, 94.43)	37.30 (31.20, 55.10)	<0.001
ALT, U/L	20.6 (14.40, 39.5)	20.00 (13.70, 32.30)	0.705
CK-MB, U/L	33.05 (23.15, 38.73)	23.10 (17.60, 28.83)	0.001
LDH, U/L	685 (401.50, 1081.75)	378.50 (301.25, 553.25)	0.001
Neutrophil proportion, %	0.64±0.18	0.60±0.18	0.925
Lymphocytes, proportion, %	0.29 (0.13, 0.39)	0.25 (0.18, 0.39)	0.862
Levels of MP-IgM antibodies	1:160 (1:160, 1:200)	1:160 (1:160, 1:320)	0.199
Co-infection, n (%)
Adenoviridae	4 (18.18)	5 (5.68)	0.139
Other viruses	2 (9.09)	4 (4.55)	0.345
Imaging findings, n (%)
Pulmonary consolidation	22 (100)	81 (92.05)	0.379
Pleural effusion	1 (5.6)	25 (28.04)	0.018
Atelectasis	1 (5.6)	8 (9.09)	0.804

Table 3 Univariate Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for the Development of BO

Variables	P-value	OR (95% CI)
LDH	<0.001	8.209 (2.906–29.763)
Hypoxemia	<0.001	17.500 (5.734–66.600)
CK-MB	0.036	4.755 (1.406–26.265)
AST	0.021	2.193 (1.134–4.434)
Age	0.015	0.201 (0.045–0.618)
Duration of fever	0.009	2.814 (1.334–6.513)
Invasive mechanical ventilation	<0.001	9.643 (3.145–31.561)
Need the glucocorticoids	0.020	4.595 (1.433–20.577)
Need the immunoglobulin	<0.001	7.309 (2.707–21.091)
Tachypnoea	<0.001	6.359 (2.338–19.430)
Respiratory failure	<0.001	7.030 (2.591–20.077)

Table 4 Multivariable Binomial Regression Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for the Development of BO

Variables	P-value	OR (95% CI)
LDH	0.003	10.857 (2.713–72.949)
Hypoxemia	<0.001	48.899 (9.611–476.463)