Neonatal Sepsis and Associated Factors Among Newborns in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, North-East Ethiopia, 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of sampling procedure among neonates in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, north-east Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 344).

Table 1 Socio Demographic Characteristics of Neonates and Mothers at Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East Ethiopia 2021

Variable		Frequency	Percentage
Sex	Male	153	44.4%
	Female	191	55.5%
Age	<7 day	245	71.2%
	>7 day	99	28.7%
Maternal Age	<18 year	25	7.3%
	18–35 year	266	77.3%
	>35 year	53	15.4%

Table 2 Birth-Related Predisposing Factor for Neonatal Sepsis Among Neonates Admitted in NICU Wards at Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East Ethiopia 2021

Variable		Frequency	Percentage
Birth weight	<1500 g	113	32.8.1%
	1500–2499g	214	62.2%
	≥2500g	17	4.9%
Gestational age	Pre-Term <37 weeks	80	23.2%
	Term 37–42 weeks	244	70.9%
	Post Term >42 weeks	20	5.8%
Birth asphyxia of baby	Yes	113	32.8%
	No	231	67.1%
Out come	Died	20	6.0%
	Cured	323	94.0%

Table 3 Maternal-Related Risk Factor for Neonatal Sepsis in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East Ethiopia 2021

Variables		Frequency	Percentage
History of anti-natal care	Yes	316	91.8%
	No	28	8.2%
History of maternal UTI	Yes	45	13%
	No	299	86.9%
History of maternal fever	Yes	77	22.4%
	No	267	77.6%
History of foul smelling	Yes	48	13.9%
	No	296	86%
Place of delivery	Home	42	12.2%
	Health Facility	302	87.9%
History of chroamoniatus	Yes	62	18.1%
	No	282	81.9%
Meconium stained amniotic fluid	Yes	66	19.1%
	No	278	80.9%
History of rapture membrane	Yes	98	28.5%
	No	246	71.5%
Duration of rapture membrane	<18 hour’s	301	87.5%
	≥18 hour’s	43	12.5%

Table 4 The Clinical Characteristics of Neonates with Neonatal Sepsis Admitted in NICU Wards at Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North East Ethiopia 2021

Clinical Characteristics	Frequency (273)	Percentage
Not being able to feeding	50	18.3%
Convulsions	23	8.4%
Drowsy or unconscious	9	3.2%
Movement only when stimulated	17	6.2%
Fast breathing (60 breaths per minute)	70	25.6%
Grunting	27	9.9%
Severe chest in drawing	16	5.8%
Elevated temperature, > 38℃	120	43.9%
Hypothermia, < 35.5℃	32	11.7%
Severe jaundice	13	4.7%
Abdominal distension or localizing signs of infection	11	4.0%
Sever skin pustules	8	2.9%

Figure 2 Prevalence of neonatal sepsis among neonates in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, from January 1 to July 30, 2021.

Table 5 Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis in Woldia and Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, North East Ethiopia 2021 (n = 344)

Variables		Neonatal Sepsis		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
		Yes	No
Age	<7 days	190	55	1	1
	>7days	83	16	0.60 (0.31, 1.14)	1.76 (0.88–3.49)
Sex	Male	124	29	1	1
	Female	149	42	1.20 (0.70–2.06)	0.81 (0.46–1.42)
Maternal age	<18	18	7	1.64 (0.50–5.29)	1.83 (0.53–6.38)
	18–35	212	54	1.03 (0.48–2.20)	1.15 (0.52–2.54)
	>35	43	10	1	1
History of maternal UTI /STIs	Yes	36	9	0.79 (0.33–1.88)	3.10 (1.56–7.16)*
	No	237	62	1	1
History of ANC follow up	Yes	252	64	1.14 (0.40–3.21)	0.89 (0.29–2.72)
	No	21	7	1	1
History of maternal fever	Yes	60	17	2.27 (1.32, 3.94)	1.83 (0.13, 3.51)
	No	213	54	1	1
History of birth asphyxia	Yes	90	23	1.73 (1.00, 2.99)	1.52 (0.86–2.70)
	No	183	48	1	1
History of foul smiling	Yes	37	11	0.77 (0.36–1.61)	1.49 (0.69–3.24)
	No	236	60	1	1
History of chorioamnionitis	Yes	43	19	0.54 (0.28–1.02)	1.81 (0.89–3.65)
	No	230	52	1	1
Micounium stained amniotic fluid	Yes	51	15	2.38 (1.37–4.14)	1.95 (0.96–3.46)
	No	222	56	1	1
Gestational age	Pre-term (<37)	72	8	0.53 (0.12–2.26)	4.41 (1.09–8.93)*
	Term (37–42)	184	60	1.48 (0.41–5.35)	1.33 (0.35–5.08)
	Post-term (0.42)	17	3	1	1
PROM	Yes	75	23	1.17 (0.66–2.10)	4.98 (2.52–6.87)**
	No	198	48	1	1
Place of delivery	Home	33	9	1.04 (0.43–2.49)	1.09 (0.43–2.83)
	Health facility	240	62	1	1
Birth weight	1500g	92	21	1.23 (0.17–2.81)	2.14 (0.89–3.78)
	1500–2499g	169	45	2.08 (0.21–3.11)	3.05 (0.15–3.74)
	≥2500g	12	5	1	1
History of neonatal resuscitation	Yes	93	22	2.94 (1.53–4.66)	2.32 (1.51–4.32)**
	No	180	49	1	1
History of NG tube insertion	Yes	74	17	1.11 (0.60–2.05)	1.16 (0.59–2.27)
	No	198	55	1	1

Notes: *Significant at <0.05 α-values, **Significant at <0.01 α-value.

Abbreviations: PROM, premature rupture of membrane; STI, sexually transmitted infection; UTI, urinary tract infection.