The Novel Predictive Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants

Variables	APTB-no T2DM Group (n = 790)	APTB-T2DM Group (n = 201)	P value
Gender
Male (%)	504 (63.8)	103 (51.2)	<0.001
Age (mean±SE)	44.05 ± 0.74	53.62 ± 1.04	<0.001
Fasting blood sugar	4.89 ± 0.02	8.31 ± 0.23	<0.001
Laboratory parameters (mean ± SE)
Neutrophil (*10^9/L)	4.01 ± 0.07	5.37 ± 0.20	<0.001
Lymphocyte (*10^9/L)	1.55 ± 0.02	1.38 ± 0.05	0.001
Monocyte (*10^9/L)	0.44 ± 0.01	0.48 ± 0.02	0.014
Albumin (g/L)	38.92 ± 0.20	36.52 ± 0.44	<0.001
HDL (mmol/L)	1.29 ± 0.02	1.10 ± 0.04	<0.001
CRP (mg/L)	23.54 ± 1.52	42.19 ± 3.67	<0.001
Inflammatory parameters (mean ± SE)
MHR	0.43 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.03	<0.001
NHR	3.85 ± 0.10	5.75 ± 0.30	<0.001
CAR	0.71 ± 0.05	1.32 ± 0.13	<0.001
CLR	23.43 ± 2.02	56.21 ± 7.40	<0.001

Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio; NHR, neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein to albumin ratio; CLR, C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 1 Correlation analysis between the inflammatory parameters and fasting blood sugar in the whole population (n =991).

Notes: (A) The correlation analysis between MHR and fasting blood sugar in the whole population. (B) The correlation analysis between NHR and fasting blood sugar in the whole population. (C) The correlation analysis between CLR and fasting blood sugar in the whole population. (D) The correlation analysis between CAR and fasting blood sugar in the whole population.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio; NHR, neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; CLR, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 2 Correlation analysis between the inflammatory parameters and fasting blood sugar in the APTB-T2DM patients (n =991).

Notes: (A) The correlation analysis between MHR and fasting blood sugar in the APTB-T2DM patients. (B) The correlation analysis between NHR and fasting blood sugar in the APTB-T2DM patients. (C) The correlation analysis between CLR and fasting blood sugar in the APTB-T2DM patients. (D) The correlation analysis between CAR and fasting blood sugar in the APTB-T2DM patients.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio; NHR, neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; CLR, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the inflammatory parameters. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values in the MHR, NHR, CLR, and CAR were 0.632(95%confidence interval: 0.542–0.632), 0.72(95% confidence interval: 0.639–0.720), 0.715(95%confidence interval: 0.637–0.715), and 0.713 (95%confidence interval: 0.636–0.713), respectively.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio; NHR, neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; CLR, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 4 The univariate logistic regression analyses for APTB-T2DM patients.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte to high density-lipoprotein ratio; NHR, neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; CLR, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Figure 5 The prevalence of APTB-T2DM patients among different quartiles of monocyte to MHR, NHR, CLR, and CAR.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio; NHR, neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; CLR, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio.