Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data of the COVID−19 Patients

Demographic Variable		Number (%)
Age	>60 years	85 (42.5%)
	45–60 years	73 (36.5%)
	19–45 years	39 (19.5%)
	≤18 years	3 (1.5%)
Sex	Male	138 (69%)
	Female	62 (31%)
Occupation	Health care worker	3 (1.5%)
	Non-Health care worker	173 (98.5%)

Figure 1 Type of Secondary infections in COVID 19 patients.

Figure 2 Spectrum of pathogens in Secondary infections in COVID 19.

Table 2 Association of Comorbidities with Secondary Infections in COVID 19 Patients

Comorbidity		With Secondary Infection	Without Secondary Infection
HTN	Yes	14 (50%)	67 (38.9%)
	No	14 (50%)	105 (61.1%)
DM	Yes	18 (64.3%)	92 (53.5%)
	No	10 (35.7%)	80 (46.5%)
PTB	Yes	0	1 (0.6%)
	No		171 (99.4%)
Chronic Lung disease	Yes	2 (7.2%)	13 (7.6%)
	No	26 (92.8%)	159 (92.4%)
Heart disease	Yes	3 (10.7%)	26 (15.2%)
	No	25 (89.2%)	146 (84.8%)
Renal disease	Yes	1 (3.6%)	15 (8.8%)
	No	27 (96.4%)	157 (91.2%)
Cancer	Yes	3 (10.7%)	5 (2.9%)
	No	25 (89.3%)	167 (97.1%)
Steroid use	Yes	18 (64.3%)	100 (58.5%)
	No	10 (35.7%)	72 (41.8%)
Mechanical ventilation	Yes	6 (21.4%)	0
	No	22 (78.5%)	0

Table 3 Association of Secondary Infections in COVID 19 with Comorbidity, Severity and Outcome

		With Secondary Infection	Without Secondary Infection	X2 value	p value
Comorbidity	Present	25 (89.28%)	122 (70.9%)	4.012	*0.045
	Absent	3 (10.72%)	50 (29.1%)
Severity	Asymptomatic	0 (0%)	33 (100%)	10.232	0.017*
	Mild	11 (16.7%)	56 (83.3%)
	Moderate	6 (10.9%)	49 (89.1%)
	Severe	11 (24.4%)	34 (75.6%)
Outcome	Recovered without progression	6 (21.4%)	25 (14.5%)	12.25	0.007*
	Progression and resolution	10 (35.7%)	119 (69.2%)
	Deceased	12 (42.8%)	28 (16.3%)

Note: *p value <0.05 is significant.