Analysis on the Risk Factors of Malnutrition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of patient enrollment.

Abbreviations: PTB-T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with pulmonary tuberculosis; MNA, Micro-Nutrition Assessment Scale.

Table 1 Results of Univariate Analysis

Indicators	Malnutrition Group (n = 123)	Non-Malnutrition Group (n = 184)	χ^2/t	P
Age (years)	57.12±13.12	56.92±12.81	−0.133	0.894
Male (%)	74 (60.16%)	103 (55.98%)	0.529	0.467
Drinking (%)	37 (30.08%)	15 (8.15%)	25.198	<0.001
Smoking (%)	7 (5.69%)	4 (2.17%)	2.638	0.104
BMI (kg/m^2)	20.09±2.45	23.01±2.38	10.411	<0.001
Marital status
Married (%)	89 (72.36%)	176 (95.65%)	33.914	<0.001
Unmarried (%)	24 (19.51%)	6 (3.26%)
Divorced (%)	10 (8.13%)	2 (1.09%)
Height (cm)	167.34±14.46	168.29±14.28	0.567	0.571
Body weight (kg)	62.19±9.68	67.73±9.76	4.898	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	71.09±7.81	76.98±7.98	6.391	<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	83.29±9.28	103.8±8.92	19.434	<0.001
Waist-to-hip ratio (cm)	0.76±0.06	0.87±0.07	14.271	<0.001
Grip strength (kg)	22.16±2.12	37.05±2.09	60.647	<0.001
Calf circumference (cm)	29.56±4.28	33.43±4.38	7.656	<0.001
NRS score	6.26±0.42	2.39±0.34	−88.831	<0.001
Type of PTB
Infiltrating type (%)	65 (52.85%)	101 (54.89%)	5.659	0.058
Chronic fibrous void (%)	44 (35.77%)	47 (25.54%)
Tuberculous pleurisy (%)	14 (11.38%)	36 (19.57%)
Course of PTB	7.21±1.32	6.92±1.28	−1.909	0.056
Presence of pulmonary cavity (%)	49 (39.84%)	55 (29.89%)	3.256	0.071
Presence of complications (%)	10 (8.13%)	14 (7.61%)	0.028	0.867
Presence of extrapulmonary TB (%)	10 (8.13%)	13 (7.07%)	0.312	0.576
Compliance of treatment
Take medicine as directed	117 (95.12%)	181 (98.37%)	2.732	0.255
Intermittent treatment	4 (3.25%)	2 (1.09%)
Never	2 (1.63%)	1 (0.54%)
Course of DM	6.11±1.23	6.09±1.07	−0.151	0.883
Complications (%)	77 (62.60%)	121 (65.76%)	0.225	0.635
Types of treatment
For oral administration	31 (25.20%)	41 (22.28%)	0.434	0.805
Oral administration + insulin	64 (52.03%)	102 (55.43%)
Oral + insulin + others	28 (22.76%)	41 (22.28%)
Hb (g/L)	118.98±13.29	133.98±13.17	9.743	<0.001
Alb (g/L)	36.98±7.98	43.29±8.06	6.749	<0.001
PA (μmol/L)	56.91±7.93	70.87±7.82	15.241	<0.001
NLR (%)	1.72±0.42	2.53±0.47	15.432	<0.001
GHB (%)	3.78±0.39	4.87±0.37	24.492	<0.001
FBS (mmol/L)	3.67±0.43	4.98±0.45	25.672	<0.001
Serum transferrin (g/L)	1.47±0.91	1.83±0.98	3.245	<0.001
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.11±0.29	4.28±0.32	4.734	<0.001
Sodium (mmol/L)	142.98±2.03	141.83±2.18	−6.881	<0.001
Pulmonary function index
FVC (%)	81.09±13.19	83.38±13.28	1.485	0.139
FEV1 (%)	74.45±10.08	82.21±10.23	6.551	<0.001
FEV1/FVC (%)	88.05±10.53	89.19±10.65	0.923	0.357
MVV (%)	49.93±12.67	52.82±12.89	1.938	0.054
RV (%)	3.32±0.43	2.71±0.34	−13.213	<0.001

Abbreviations: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; NRS, Nutritional Risk Screening; Hb, hemoglobin; Alb, albumin; PA, serum prealbumin; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; GHB, glycosylated hemoglobin; FBS, fasting blood glucose; OR, odds ratio; CIs, confidence intervals; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume second; RV, residual volume.

Table 2 Univariate Regression Analysis of Malnutrition in PTB-DM Patients

Indicators	Malnutrition Group (n = 123)	Non-Malnutrition Group (n = 184)	OR (95%Cl)	P
Drinking (%)	37 (30.08%)	15 (8.15%)	2.421 (1.501–3.928)	0.042
Divorced (%)	10 (8.13%)	2 (1.09%)	6.229 (2.098–10.287)	0.003
BMI <18.5 kg/m^2 (%)	98 (79.67%)	29 (15.76%)	3.321 (1.786–5.653)	0.017
Weight <45 kg (%)	99 (80.49%)	26 (14.13%)	1.012 (0.876–1.763)	0.023
Waist circumference <79 cm (%)	87 (70.73%)	22 (11.96%)	5.679 (4.098–11.298)	<0.001
Hip circumference <88 cm (%)	102 (82.93%)	12 (6.52%)	2.769 (1.702–4.289)	<0.001
Waist-hip ratio <69.99 (%)	92 (74.80%)	23 (12.50%)	3.508 (3.109–4.119)	<0.001
Grip strength <26 kg (%)	104 (84.55%)	19 (10.33%)	3.056 (2.781–3.675)	<0.001
Calf circumference <28.00 kg (%)	55 (44.72%)	13 (7.07%)	6.098 (4.719–13.487)	<0.001
NRS score ≥3 points (%)	68 (55.28%)	18 (9.78%)	1.059 (0.873–1.231)	<0.001
Hb <106 g/L (%)	71 (57.72%)	15 (8.15%)	5.219 (2.098–12.136)	<0.001
Alb <29.00 g/L (%)	76 (61.79%)	18 (9.78%)	2.351 (1.542–5.876)	0.027
PA <48.00 μmol/L (%)	64 (52.03%)	17 (9.24%)	6.932 (2.018–19.876)	<0.001
NLR <1.30 (%)	76 (61.79%)	16 (8.70%)	1.061 (0.571–1.932)	0.823
GHB <3.40% (%)	75 (60.98%)	17 (9.24%)	3.529 (1.221–5.098)	0.023
FBS <3.24 mmol/L (%)	73 (59.35%)	17 (9.24%)	4.367 (1.319–6.718)	0.083
Serum transferrin <1.37 mmol/L (%)	78 (63.41%)	15 (8.15%)	3.207 (1.404–4.893)	0.011
Potassium <3.18 mmol/L (%)	81 (65.85%)	18 (9.78%)	1.137 (1.001–1.172)	<0.001
Sodium <142.95 mmol/L (%)	79 (64.23%)	17 (9.24%)	1.092 (0.983–1.231)	<0.001
FEV1 ≥67.90% (%)	74 (60.16%)	16 (8.70%)	1.376 (1.071–1.897)	<0.001
RV <2.89% (%)	76 (61.79%)	17 (9.24%)	0.771 (0.683–0.867)	<0.001

Abbreviations: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; NRS, Nutritional Risk Screening; Hb, hemoglobin; Alb, albumin; PA, serum prealbumin; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; GHB, glycosylated hemoglobin; FBS, fasting blood glucose; OR, odds ratio; CIs, confidence intervals; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume second; RV, residual volume.

Table 3 Multivariate Regression Analysis of Malnutrition in PTB-DM Patients

Indicators	OR (95%Cl)	P
Drinking (%)	2.367 (1.463–3.672)	<0.001
Divorced (%)	1.572 (1.328–1.983)	<0.001
BMI <18.5 kg/m^2 (%)	3.289 (2.172–5.231)	<0.001
Weight <45 kg (%)	3.187 (2.008–3.861)	<0.001
Waist circumference <79 cm (%)	2.178 (0.998–4.237)	0.059
Hip circumference <88 cm (%)	1.109 (0.928–1.453)	0.627
Waist-hip ratio <69.99 (%)	1.212 (0.976–1.629)	0.119
Grip strength <26 kg (%)	3.217 (0.968–1.764)	0.059
Calf circumference <28.00 kg (%)	1.253 (0.971–1.627)	0.079
NRS score ≥3 points (%)	1.476 (1.201–1.675)	<0.001
Hb <106 g/L (%)	1.982 (0.721–2.342)	<0.001
Alb <29.00 g/L (%)	1.746 (1.028–2.567)	<0.001
PA <48.00 μmol/L (%)	2.112 (1.402–3.098)	<0.001
NLR <1.30 (%)	1.798 (1.092–2.675)	<0.001
GHB <3.40% (%)	3.182 (0.398–8.902)	0.281
FBS <3.24 mmol/L (%)	1.378 (1.035–2.187)	<0.001
Serum transferrin <1.37 mmol/L (%)	1.621 (1.003–2.212)	<0.001
Potassium <3.18 mmol/L (%)	0.947 (0.869–1.376)	0.193
Sodium <142.95 mmol/L (%)	1.048 (0.998–1.109)	0.113
FEV1 ≥67.90% (%)	0.989 (0.473–1.336)	<0.001
RV <2.89% (%)	2.876 (2.018–3.675)	<0.001

Abbreviations: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; NRS, Nutritional Risk Screening; Hb, hemoglobin; Alb, albumin; PA, serum prealbumin; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; GHB, glycosylated hemoglobin; FBS, fasting blood glucose; OR, odds ratio; CIs, confidence intervals; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume second; RV, residual volume.