Clinical Features and Outcomes of Spinal Tuberculosis in Central China

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Features of Patients with Spinal TB

Patient Characteristics	Include patients (n=45)
Mean age ± SD (years)	55.39 ± 14.94 y
Gender
Female, %(n/)	53.3% (24/45)
Male, %(n/)	46.7% (21/45)
Residence environment
Village	60.0% (27/45)
Downtown	40.0% (18/45)
Ethnicity
The Han	84.4% (38/45)
The Tujia	15.6% (7/45)
Mean hospital days (days)	32.38 ± 21.81 d
Positive TB culture	17.8% (8/45)
Involved vertebra
Cervical	4.4% (2/45)
Cervicothoracic	2.2% (1/45)
Thoracic	28.9% (13/45)
Thoracolumbar	8.9% (4/45)
Lumbar	42.2% (19/45)
Lumbosacral	13.3% (6/45)
Mean number of involved vertebrae	2.20 ± 0.59
No. vertebrae involved
1 or 2	84.4% (38/45)
3 or more	15.6% (7/45)
Sinus formation	0
Abscess	53.3% (24/45)
Neural compression	57.8% (26/45)
Mean duration of chemotherapy (months)	21.24±15.26 m

Note: Data presented as % (n) or mean ± standard deviation (SD).

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Spinal TB with Surgery versus Non-Surgery

	Non-Surgical Patients	Surgical Patients	OR (95% CI)	P
Mean age ± SD (n=45)	59.75±15.59 y	52.48±14.02 y	0.963 (0.918–1.010)	0.120
No. males/females (n = 45)	8/10	13/14	0.862 (0.260–2.854)	0.807
Concurrent TB (n = 45)	4/18 (22.2)	4/27 (14.8)	0.609 (0.131–2.831)	0.527
Radiologic site of lesion (n = 45)			0.567 (0.327–0.983)	0.043
Cervical	0/18	2/27 (7.4)
Cervicothoracic	0/18	1/27 (3.7)
Thoracic	3/18 (16.7)	10/27 (37.0)	1.600 (0.463–5.527)	0.457
Thoracolumbar	3/18 (16.7)	1/27 (3.7)
Lumbar	8/18 (44.4)	11/27 (40.7)	0.215 (0.050–0.919)	0.038
Lumbosacral	4/18 (22.2)	2/27 (7.4)
No. vertebrae involved (n = 45)			1.818 (0.312–10.586)	0.506
1 or 2	16/18 (88.9)	22/27 (81.5)
3 or more	2/18 (11.1)	5/27 (18.5)
Sinus formation (n = 45)	0/18	0/27
Abscess (n = 45)	6/18 (33.3)	18/27 (66.7)	4.000 (1.129–14.175)	0.032
Neural compression (n = 45)	6/18 (33.3)	20/27 (74.1)	5.714 (1.551–21.058)	0.009
Duration of chemotherapy (n = 45)			0.559 (0.155–2.024)	0.376
Short course	5/18 (27.8)	11/27 (40.7)
Long course	13/18 (72.2)	16/27 (59.3)

Notes: Unless noted, values are expressed as No./total No. (%). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR and P value.

Table 3 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Spinal TB Treated with Radical versus Nonradical Surgery

	Non-Radical Surgical Patients	Radical Surgical Patients	OR (95% CI)	P
Mean age ± SD (n=27)	42.50±17.42y	55.33±11.88y	1.068 (0.997–1.145)	0.062
No. males/females (n = 27)	4/2	9/12	2.667 (0.397–17.914)	0.313
Concurrent TB (n = 27)	1/6 (16.7)	3/21 (14.3)	0.833 (0.070–9.858)	0.885
Radiologic site of lesion (n = 27)			1.886 (0.899–3.960)	0.093
Cervical	1/6 (16.7)	1/21 (4.8)
Cervicothoracic	1/6 (16.7)	0/21
Thoracic	2/6 (33.3)	8/21 (38.1)
Thoracolumbar	1/6 (16.7)	0/21
Lumbar	1/6 (16.7)	10/21 (47.6)
Lumbosacral	0/6	2/21 (9.5)
No. vertebrae involved (n = 27)			0.333 (0.041–2.699)	0.303
1 or 2	4/6 (66.7)	18/21 (85.7)
3 or more	2/6 (33.3)	3/21 (14.3)
Sinus formation (n = 27)	0/6	0/21
Abscess (n = 27)	4/6 (66.7)	14/21 (66.7)	1.000 (0.146–6.853)	1.000
Neural compression (n = 27)	3/6 (50.0)	17/21 (81.0)	4.250 (0.613–29.451)	0.143
Duration of chemotherapy (n = 27)			0.667 (0.099–4.478)	0.677
Short course	2/6 (33.3)	9/21 (42.9)
Long course	4/6 (66.7)	12/21 (57.1)

Notes: Unless noted, values are expressed as No./total No. (%). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR and P value.

Table 4 Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Short versus Long Course of Spinal TB

	Short-Course Patients	Long-Course Patients	OR (95% CI)	P
Mean age ± SD (n=45)	56.94±10.68y	54.54±16.95y	0.989 (0.947–1.032)	0.603
No. males/females (n = 45)	7/9	14/15	0.833 (0.244–2.843)	0.771
Concurrent TB (n = 45)	2/16 (12.5)	6/29 (20.7)	1.826 (0.323–10.329)	0.496
Radiologic site of lesion (n = 45)			1.378 (0.853–2.226)	0.191
Cervical	1/16 (6.3)	1/29 (3.4)
Cervicothoracic	0/16	1/29 (3.4)
Thoracic	8/16 (50.0)	5/29 (17.2)
Thoracolumbar	0/16	4/29 (13.8)
Lumbar	5/16 (31.3)	14/29 (48.3)
Lumbosacral	2/16 (12.5)	4/29 (13.8)
No. vertebrae involved (n = 45)			1.458 (0.249–8.539)	0.676
1 or 2	14/16 (87.5)	24/29 (82.8)
3 or more	2/16 (12.5)	5/29 (17.2)
Sinus formation (n = 45)	0/16	0/29
Abscess (n = 45)	11/16 (68.8)	13/29 (44.8)	0.396 (0.102–1.336)	0.129
Neural compression (n = 45)	11/16 (68.8)	15/29 (51.7)	0.487 (0.135–1.758)	0.272
Surgery or not (n=45)			0.559 (0.155–2.024)	0.376
Non-surgical	5/16 (31.3)	13/29 (44.8)
Surgical	11/16 (68.8)	16/29 (55.2)
Surgical type (n = 27)			0.677 (0.099–4.478)	0.677
Non-radical surgical	2/11 (33.3)	4/16 (25.0)
Radical surgical	9/11 (81.8)	12/16 (75.0)

Notes: Unless noted, values are expressed as No./total No. (%). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR and P value.

Table 5 Comparison of Prognosis of Patients with Spinal TB at the End of Antituberculosis Chemotherapy

	Favorable Patients	Unfavorable Patients	OR (95% CI)	P
Mean age ± SD (n=45)	55.99±14.91 y	53.30±15.63 y	0.988 (0.944–1.035)	0.613
No. males/females (n = 45)	15/20	6/4	0.500 (0.119–2.092)	0.343
Concurrent TB (n = 45)	7/35 (20.0)	1/10 (10.0)	0.444 (0.048–4.116)	0.475
Radiologic site of lesion (n = 45)			0.788 (0.464–1.339)	0.378
Cervical	1/35 (2.9)	1/10 (10.0)
Cervicothoracic	0/35	1/10 (10.0)
Thoracic	12/35 (34.3)	1/10 (10.0)
Thoracolumbar	2/35 (5.7)	2/10 (20.0)
Lumbar	14/35 (40.0)	5/10 (50.0)
Lumbosacral	6/35 (17.1)	0/10
No. vertebrae involved (n = 45)			3.321 (0.603–18.307)	0.168
1 or 2	31/35 (88.6)	7/10 (70.0)
3 or more	4/35 (11.4)	3/10 (30.0)
Sinus formation (n = 45)	0/35	0/10
Abscess (n = 45)	21/35 (60.0)	3/10 (30.0)	0.286 (0.063–1.296)	0.104
Neural compression (n = 45)	21/35 (60.0)	5/10 (50.0)	0.667 (0.162–2.736)	0.574
Surgery or not (n=45)			1.000 (0.238–4.198)	1.000
Non-surgical	14/35 (40.0)	4/10 (40.0)
Surgical	21/35 (60.0)	6/10 (60.0)
Surgical type (n = 27)			0.053 (0.006–0.493)	0.010
Non-radical surgical	2/21 (9.5)	4/6 (66.7)
Radical surgical	19/21 (90.5)	2/6 (33.3)
Duration of chemotherapy (n = 45)			0.783 (0.185–3.319)	0.740
Short course	12/35 (34.3)	4/10 (40.0)
Long course	23/35 (65.7)	6/10 (60.0)

Notes: Unless noted, values are expressed as No./total No. (%). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR and P value.

Table 6 Logistic Regression Analysis of Variable Factors on Outcome of 45 Patients with Spinal TB

Variables	Coefficient	Standard Error	OR	95% CI	P
Age (y)	−0.021	0.025	0.979	0.932–1.029	0.411
Males	−0.861	0.767	0.423	0.094–1.900	0.262
Long-course chemotherapy	−0.385	0.779	0.680	0.148–3.131	0.621
Surgical treatment	−0.272	0.799	0.762	0.159–3.644	0.733
Constant	1.961	2.750	7.105		0.476

Table 7 Logistic Regression Analysis of Variable Factors on Outcome of 27 Surgical Patients with Spinal TB

Variables	Coefficient	Standard Error	OR	95% CI	P
Age (y)	−0.016	0.045	0.984	0.901–1.074	0.717
Males	−0.567	1.192	0.567	0.055–5.870	0.634
Long-course chemotherapy	−1.145	1.278	0.318	0.026–3.900	0.371
radical surgical treatment	−2.957	1.386	0.052	0.003–0.786	0.033
Constant	7.083	3.997	1192.111		0.076

Table 8 Analysis of Patient Prognosis with Duration of Chemotherapy and Treatment Modality

Treatment Modality	Regimen	Favorable Patients	Unfavorable Patients	P
Non-surgical treatment	Short-course	4/5 (80.0)	1/5 (20.0)	0.701
	Long-course	10/13 (76.9)	3/13 (23.1)
Non-radical surgical treatment	Short-course	0/2	2/2 (100.00)	0.400
	Long-course	2/4 (50.0)	2/4 (50.0)
Radical surgical treatment	Short-course	8/9 (88.9)	1/9 (11.1)	0.686
	Long-course	11/12 (91.7)	1/12 (8.3)

Note: Values are expressed as No./total No. (%).