Could the New BA.2.75 Sub-Variant Cause the Emergence of a Global Epidemic of COVID-19? A Scoping Review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Is the cumulative number of deaths caused by COVID-19 as reported by WHO globally.

Figure 2 Shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases reported around the globe.

Figure 3 The total number of vaccinations per 100 people in the world.

Figure 4 Distribution of vaccination starting dates in countries around the world.

Figure 5 The cumulative number of cases confirmed in Europe as reported by ECDC from January 2020 up to July 2022.

Figure 6 Map showing the sum of new BA 2 cases reported per week in different European countries from Jan. 2020 to July 2022.

Figure 7 A map of the countries where BA.275 has appeared in the last few weeks.

Figure 8 Visualizes the trend of COVID-19 cumulative cases and deaths in India from January 2020 to July 2022. The red dotted line marks.

Table 1 Summarize the Characteristics of Each Omicron Sub-Variant

WHO Label	Lineage	Country First Detected	Date of Variant Discovery.	Transmissibility	Spike Protein of Mutations of Interest	Rates of Hospitalizations	Effect of Vaccination Booster Dose: Degree of Effectiveness in Terms of the Amount of Produced Neutralizing Antibodies	Most Significant Symptoms Were Reported.
Omicron	BA.1	Bothnia, South Africa	November 2021.^Citation9	Increased	A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D, Δ143-145, N211I, Δ212, ins215EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F.^Citation9	Increased^Citation24	A moderate degree of effectiveness. But still, taking booster doses is recommended by WHO to minimize mortality and hospitalization rates.^Citation74	Mostly cold- and flu-like symptoms. No significant symptoms were reported as it was more likely to be asymptomatic^Citation50
Omicron	BA.2	South Africa	November 2021.^Citation9	Increased 30–50% more transmissible than BA.1.^Citation75 But it was proved that BA.2.75 sub-lineage transmissibility is much high, competing with that of BA.5^Citation76	G142D, N211I, Δ212, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K.^Citation9	Increased^Citation24	A moderate degree of effectiveness. But still, taking booster doses is recommended by WHO to minimize mortality and hospitalization rates.^Citation74	Cough, fatigue, congestion, and runny nose^Citation51
Omicron	BA.4	South Africa	January 2022.^Citation9	Increased by 36% compared to the BA.2 lineage.^Citation17	L452R, F486V, R493Q.^Citation9	N/A (Mohapatra et al, 2022c) Although a small rise in hospitalization and mortality rates was seen in South Africa, outside it, a more rise in both mortality and hospitalization rates was witnessed.^Citation25	A mild degree of effectiveness, as there was seven folds drop in the neutralizing antibodies produced against both BA.4 and BA.5 compared to BA.1 But still, taking booster doses is recommended by WHO to minimize mortality and hospitalization rates.^Citation17	Very severe throat pain and increasing fatigue.^Citation53
Omicron	BA.5	South Africa	February 2022.^Citation9	Increased by 36% compared to the BA.2 lineage.^Citation17	L452R, F486V, R493Q.^Citation9	N/A.^Citation17 A small rise in hospitalization and mortality rates was seen in South Africa; outside it, a more rise in mortality and hospitalization rates was witnessed.^Citation25	A mild degree of effectiveness. As there was seven folds drop in the neutralizing antibodies produced against both BA.4 and BA.5 compared to BA.1 But still, taking booster doses is recommended by WHO to minimize mortality and hospitalization rates.^Citation17	Very severe throat pain and increasing fatigue.^Citation53

Figure 9 The SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern.

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