Risk Factors for Radiological Progression Within Admissive One Week in the Hospitalized COVID-19 Omicron Variant-Infected Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart detailing the selection of the patients in this study.

Table 1 Characteristics of the COVID-19 Subjects

	1w-PD	1w-non-PD	P value
Age (subgroup, yrs, n)			0.033
≤18	1	8
19–40	4	67
41–65	8	25
>65	4	13
Gender			0.990
Male	9	60
Female	8	53
Underlying disease
Yes	5	21	0.298
Hypertension	4	16	0.318
Diabetes	1	3	0.472
Chronic-airway diseases	0	4	0.431
Hepatic disease	0	3	0.497
Malignant disease	1	2	0.292

Table 2 Laboratory Test Data

	1w-PD	1w-non-PD	P value
Blood cell count
WBC (×10^9/mL)	6.90 (5.05–7.63)	6.26 (5.25–7.40)	0.725
Ly (×10^9/mL)	0.96 (0.64–1.51)	1.05 (0.69–1.44)	0.937
PLT (×10^9/mL)	209.00 (166.00–259.50)	214.00 (178.50–251.50)	0.686
Coagulation function
DD (μg/L)	210.00 (135.00–420.00)	230.00 (150.00–410.00)	0.629
PT (s)	16.50 (14.85–18.60)	17.30 (14.95–19.00)	0.727
APTT(s)	32.80 (27.55–38.70)	30.30 (26.85–34.25)	0.231
FDP (g/L)	1.98 (1.64–2.68)	1.98 (1.38–3.10)	0.885
AT-IIIA (%)	110.10 (90.75–141.35)	108.50 (96.20–134.25)	0.926
Liver function
ALT (U/L)	33.00 (26.50–43.00)	32.00 (26.00–40.00)	0.638
TBIL (mmol/L)	8.60 (7.80–12.00)	7.60 (5.60–11.40)	0.091
Kidney function
Cr (μmol/L)	58.20 (41.65–77.40)	61.60 (45.20–71.10)	0.796
BUN (mmol/L)	4.51 (4.05–6.19)	4.40 (4.40–5.38)	0.095
Cardiac injury
TnT (pg/mL)	4.00 (0.01–7.00)	4.00 (3.00–6.00)	0.708
NT-pro-BNP (μg/mL)	34.00 (21.00–127.00)	34.00 (19.50–68.00)	0.590
LDH (U/L)	265.00 (185.50–360.00)	233.00 (178.50–382.00)	0.714
Inflammatory biomarker
hsCRP (mg/L)	5.92 (1.55–10.70)	3.91 (1.53–8.52)	0.010

Table 3 Initial Disease Evaluations

	1w-PD	1w-non-PD	p value
Complication (n)
Lymphopenia	10	65	0.919
Thrombocytopenia	2	6	0.158
Acute kidney injury	3	6	0.018
Acute liver injury	0	8	0.257
Acute cardiac injury	2	3	0.069
Coagulation	8	58	0.743
Clinic classification
Non-severe	17	110	0.497
Severe	0	3
CURB-65 score			0.041
0	11	96
≥1	6	17

Table 4 SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Viral Loads

	1w-PD	1w-non-PD	P value
SARS-CoV-2 IgG			0.042
Pos	8	81
Neg	9	32
O CT values	26.85±6.82	28.19±6.27	0.418
N CT values	26.70±6.58	28.26±5.79	0.311
O CT values			0.132
≥28	6	62
<28	11	51
N CT values			0.359
≥28	7	60
<28	10	53
O CT values			0.222
Decrease	5	51
Increase	12	62
N CT values			0.411
Decrease	5	45
Increase	12	68
RNA shedding duration, d	13.06 (7.00–19.00)	10.91 (2.00–22.00)	0.015

Table 5 Initial Radiologic Findings and the One-Week Progression

	1w-PD	1w-non-PD	P value
Pneumonia
Yes	16	13	<0.001
No	1	100
Bilateral pneumonia
Yes	10	9	<0.001
No	7	104
Multi-lobar pneumonia
Yes	5	4	0.002
No	12	109
Features			0.01
GGO	10	9
Crazy-paving pattern	1	0
Consolidative	6	4
GGO-pneumonia
Yes	10	9	<0.001
No	7	104

Table 6 Univariate Analysis of the Risk Factors for Disease Progression in the Omicron Cohort

Variable	Univariate Analysis OR (95% CI)	P value
Age ≥ 40 (y)	3.627 (1.196–10.996)	0.023
Clinical manifestations	0.641 (0.229–1.788)	0.395
SARS-CoV-2 IgG (neg)	0.351 (0.125–0.990)	0.048
CURB-65 score ≥ 1	3.080 (1.005–9.445)	0.049
Bilateral pneumonia	16.508 (5.063–53.821)	0.000
Multi-lobar pneumonia	11.354 (2.680–48.096)	0.001
GGO-pneumonia	16.508 (5.063–53.821)	0.000

Figure 2 Multivariate analysis of the risk factors for radiological progression within admissive one week in the Omicron cohort. GGO-pneumonia yielded an OR of 7.288 (95% CI, 1.677–31.670, P = 0.008). Bilateral pneumonia was found to be the second most important risk factor with an OR of 7.530 (95% CI, 1.402–40.426, P = 0.019).

Figure 3 Predictive value of the initial radiologic finding to progression within admissive one week in the Omicron cohort. The combination of “Bilateral pneumonia” and “GGO-pneumonia” had a better ability in indicating disease progression in the Omicron cohort.