Staphylococcus aureus – antimicrobial resistance and the immunocompromised child

Figures & data

Figure 1 A schematic depiction of selected Staphylococcus aureus mechanisms for immune evasion.

Notes: Cna interacts with C1q preventing formation of the C1qrs complex. ClfA and SdrE each promote Factor I mediated conversion of C3b to iC3b. Protein A is depicted binding to the Fc region of IgG preventing immunoglobulin opsonization.

Abbreviations: ClfA, staphylococcal clumping factor A; Cna, collagen adhesin; IgG, immunoglobulin G; PVL, Panton–valentine leukocidin; SdrE, S. aureus surface protein.

Figure 2 Computed tomography chest image with contrast of a 19-year-old female with relapsed neuroblastoma, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, and pulmonary nodules (arrows) that were initially concerning for invasive fungal disease.

Notes: The patient was initially started on amphotericin and then underwent biopsy of the lesions. Both culture and histopathology revealed S. aureus; Amphotericin was discontinued without the development of other evidence of fungal disease.

Table 1 Reported types of Staphylococcus aureus infection by transplanted organ

Transplanted organ	Bacteremia	Surgical site infection/deep organ space	Pneumonia/empyema	SSTI	References
Lung	6–15	7	35–81	7–12	^Citation74,Citation107,Citation108
Heart	7–9	20	16	30–85	^Citation70
Liver	6–36	30–61	11	22	^Citation72,Citation109,Citation110
Kidney	13–16	1–50	16	33	^Citation75

Notes: All values are expressed as a percentage of total S. aureus infections. The studies referenced varied in the posttransplantation time period for including patients.

Abbreviation: SSTI, skin-and-soft tissue infection.

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