A Hospital-Based and Cross-Sectional Investigation on Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Beijing from 2015 to 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1 Distribution of top 9 bacterial strains isolated from children patients in Beijing between 2015 and 2021. S. aureus and H. influenza were the most commonly isolated pathogens, followed by S. pneumoniae.

Table 1 Distribution of Collecting Year/Season and Specimen Types of the Isolated Strains

Parameters	Total No. of Sample(n)	S. pneumoniae Isolates
		No. of Strains(n)	Positive Rate(%)
Total	462,144	4011	0.87
Collecting year
2015	67,930	706	1.04
2016	74,206	737	0.99
2017	73,840	741	1.00
2018	75,761	713	0.94
2019	78,886	562	0.71
2020	43,204	199	0.46
2021	48,317	353	0.73
Collecting season
Spring	137,257	1045	0.76
Summer	78,564	727	0.93
Autumn	77,178	845	1.09
Winter	169,145	1394	0.82
Specimen types
Venous blood	309,756	204	0.07
Sputum	54,287	2239	4.12
Cerebrospinal fluid	45,560	58	0.13
Bronchial lavage fluid	30,025	997	3.32
Vulvar secretion	10,718	145	1.35
Fester	3647	191	5.24
Pleural effusion	2506	20	0.80
Bone marrow	3107	2	0.06
Ear secretion	854	77	9.01
Nasopharynx swab	797	49	6.15
Eye secretion	754	26	3.45
Joint fluid	133	3	2.26

Table 2 Clinical Information of Children with the Isolated S. pneumoniae Strains

	Number	Ratio (%)
Total	4011	100.0
Gender
Male	2378	59.3
Female	1633	40.7
Age
< 1	1122	28.0
~<2	605	15.1
~<3	475	11.8
~<4	459	11.4
~<5	430	10.7
~<6	220	5.5
≥ 6~12	700	17.5
Outpatient	400	10.0
Hospitalized patient	3611	90.0
Pneumology Department	1757	43.8
Intensive Care Unit	397	9.9
Department of Cardiology	394	9.8
General Medicine Department	331	8.2
Emergency	112	2.8
Infectious Disease Department	111	2.8
Hematology Department	84	2.1
Otorhinolaryngology Department	79	1.9
Endocrinology Department	62	1.5
Neonatology Department	55	1.4
Gastroenterology Department	53	1.3
Thoracic Surgery Department	51	1.3
Nephrology Department	48	1.2
Neurology Department	43	1.1
Ophthalmology Department	27	0.7
Orthopedics Department	7	0.2

Table 3 Susceptibility of S. pneumoniae Isolates to Antimicrobial Agents (%)

Antibiotics	Total Isolates (N=4011)	CSF Strains (N=58)	Non-CSF Strains (N=3953)
Penicillin G	56.5 (n=2267)	27.6 (n=16)	56.9 (n=2251)
Cefotaxime	68.8 (n=2760)	36.2 (n=21)	69.3 (n=2739)
Meropenem	33.8 (n=1356)	39.7 (n=23)	33.7 (n=1333)
Erythromycin	0.4 (n=18)	0.0 (n=0)	0.5 (n=18)
Clindamycin*	0.9 (n=36)	0.0 (n=0)	0.9 (n=36)
Tetracycline	4.7 (n=190)	0.0 (n=0)	4.8 (n=190)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	20.3 (n=814)	29.3 (n=17)	20.2 (n=797)
Moxifloxacin	99.1 (n=3974)	100.0 (n=58)	99.1 (n=3916)
Levofloxacin	99.0 (n=3969)	100.0 (n=58)	98.9 (n=3911)
Chloramphenicol	93.6 (n=3753)	87.9 (n=51)	93.7 (n=3702)
Linezolid	100.0 (n=4011)	100.0 (n=58)	100.0 (n=3953)
Vancomycin	100.0 (n=4011)	100.0 (n=58)	100.0 (n=3953)

Note: *Represent the data of Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.

Abbreviation: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

Figure 2 The Changes of susceptible rate of non-meningitis S. pneumoniae isolates by year. From 2015 to 2021, the number of non-meningitis strains per year was 689, 725, 735, 712, 544, 195 and 353. The susceptibilities of non-meningitis S. pneumoniae to penicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were summarized by year.