Profile and Frequency of Mutations Conferring Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Central, Southeastern and Eastern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Drug Resistance Profile

Variable		Any INH Resistance (N=85) [N (%)]		Any RIF Resistance (N=88) [N (%)]		MDR (N=82) [N (%)]		FLQs Resistance (N=7) [N (%)]		SLIDs Resistance (N=3) [N (%)]
		PreRXed	New	PreRXed	New	PreRXed	New	PreRXed	New	PreRXed	New
Sex	Male	44 (51.8)	9 (10.6)	49 (55.7)	8 (9.1)	44 (53.7)	7 (8.5)	4 (57.1)	0	1 (33.3)	0
	Female	22 (25.9)	10 (11.8)	22 (25.0)	9 (10.2)	22 (26.8)	9 (11.0)	3 (42.9)	0	0	2 (66.7)
Age (years)	<15	7 (8.2)	1 (1.2)	7 (8.0)	1 (1.1)	7 (8.5)	1 (1.2)	0	0	0	0
	15–24	12 (14.1)	9 (10.6)	13 (14.8)	8 (9.1)	12 (14.6)	8 (9.6)	0	0	0	1 (33.3)
	25–34	27 (31.8)	3 (3.5)	28 (31.8)	4 (4.6)	27 (32.9)	3 (3.7)	3 (42.9)	0	1 (33.3)	0
	35–44	9 (10.6)	4 (4.7)	9 (10.2)	3 (3.4)	9 (11.0)	3 (3.7)	2 (28.6)	0	0	0
	45–54	7 (8.2)	1 (1.2)	9 (10.2)	0	7 (8.5)	0	2 (28.6)	0	0	0
	≥55	4 (4.7)	1 (1.2)	5 (5.7)	1 (1.1)	4 (4.9)	1 (1.2)	0	0	0	1 (33.3)
Region	Central*	24 (28.2)	4 (4.7)	26 (29.5)	2 (2.2)	24 (29.3)	2 (2.4)	3 (42.9)	0	0	0
	Southeastern**	18 (21.2)	1 (1.2)	18 (20.5)	1 (1.1)	18 (21.9)	1 (1.2)	1 (14.3)	0	0	0
	Eastern***	24 (28.2)	14 (16.5)	27 (30.7)	14 (15.9)	24 (29.3)	13 (15.9)	3 (42.9)	0	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)

Notes: *Arsi, East/North and South West Shoa zones; **Diredawa, Jigjiga, Harar, East and West Hararghe zones; ***Bale, Borena, Guji and West Arsi zones.

Abbreviations: PreRxed, previously treated; INH, isoniazid; RIF, rifampicin; FLQs, fluoroquinolones; SLIDs, second-line injectable drugs.

Figure 1 Study population and study flow diagram.

Table 2 Mutations Conferring Drug Resistance to RIF and INH

Drug	Gene	Failing Wild-Type Band	Developing Mutation Band	Mutation	MDR (N=82) [N (%)]	RR (N=6) [N (%)]
Rifampicin	rpoB	WT3, WT4	MUT1	D516V	13 (15.9)	0
		WT7	MUT2B	H526D	3 (3.7)	0
		WT7	MUT2A	H526Y	7 (8.5)	1 (16.7)
		WT7		Unknown	6 (7.3)	2 (33.3)
		WT8		Unknown	4 (4.9)	0
		WT8	MUT3	S531L	49 (59.8)	3 (50.0)
					MDR (Total N=82)	INH MNR (Total N=3)
					N (%)	N (%)
Isoniazid	katG	WT	MUT1	S315T1	78 (95.1)	0
		WT	MUT2	S315T2	4 (4.9)	0
	inhA	WT1	MUT1	c-15t	0	3 (100.0)

Abbreviations: RIF, rifampicin; INH, isoniazid; MNR, monoresistant; MDR, multidrug resistant; RR, rifampicin resistant.

Table 3 Mutations Conferring Drug Resistance to FLQs and SLIDs

Drug	Gene	Failing Wild-Type Band	Developing Mutation Band	Mutation	MDR (N=73) [N (%)]	RR (N=6) [N (%)]
Fluoroquinolones	gyrA	WT2	MUT1	A90V	3 (4.1)	0
		WT3	MUT3A	D94A	1 (1.4)	0
		WT3	MUT3C	D94G	1 (1.4)	0
		WT3	MUT3B	D94N, D94Y	1 (1.4)	0
		All present	MUT1, MUT3B	A90V, D94N, D94Y	1 (1.4)*	0
Second-line injectable drugs	rrs	WT		Unknown	3 (4.1)	0

Note: *Heteroresistant.