Impact of Different Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitutions on the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: A Retrospective Observational Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 The flowchart of patients according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Table 1 Baseline Demographic and Clinical Information of Participants

Category	Mean±SD or No. (%)
All	486
Sex (men/women)	321 (66.0%)/165 (34.0%)
Age (years)	40.16±13.43
BMI (body mass index)	23.48±3.76
Smoking (with/without)	153 (31.5%)/333 (68.5%)
Chronic disease (with/without)	75 (15.4%)/411 (84.6%)
Vaccination (with/without)	454 (93.4%)/32 (6.6%)

Table 2 The Number and Proportion of Each Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution

TCM Constitution Type	Number	%
Balanced constitution	213	43.8%
Unbalanced constitution	273	56.2%
Balanced constitution	213	43.8%
Deficiency constitution	144	29.6%
Non-deficiency constitution	129	26.5%
Balanced constitution	213	43.8%
Qi-deficient constitution	50	10.3%
Yang-deficient constitution	67	13.8%
Yin-deficient constitution	27	5.6%
Phlegm-dampness constitution	25	5.1%
Damp-heat constitution	59	12.1%
Stagnant blood constitution	8	1.6%
Stagnant qi constitution	29	6.0%
Inherited special constitution	8	1.6%

Abbreviation: TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Table 3 Proportion of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients with Two Kinds of TCM Body Constitution

TCM Constitution Type	No. of Cases(%)	Asymptomatic Infections No. (%)	Symptomatic Infections No. (%)	χ2/P
Balanced constitution	213 (43.8%)	43 (20.2%)	170 (79.8%)	29.73/0.00**
Unbalanced constitution	273 (56.2%)	12 (4.4%)	261 (95.6%)

Notes: **P < 0.01.

Abbreviation: TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Table 4 Correlation Between the Time of Negative Transformation of COVID-19 Nucleic Acid and Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution in COVID-19 Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Variables	Standardized Beta	95% CI	P
TCM Constitution Type (Balanced / Unbalanced)	0.17	0.58–1.93	0.00 **
Gender	−0.08	−1.40–0.18	0.13
Age	−0.01	−1.34–1.21	0.92
BMI	−0.03	−1.30–0.71	0.57
Smoking Status	−0.07	−1.34–0.23	0.16
Chronic Disease	0.10	0.08–2.05	0.03*
Vaccination	0.04	−0.74–1.99	0.37

Notes: **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

Abbreviation: TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 2 Correlation between the time of negative transformation of COVID-19 nucleic acid and traditional Chinese medicine constitution in COVID-19 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Table 5 Subgroup Analysis Results (Effects of Two TCM Constitutions in Each Group on the Negative Transition Time of COVID-19 Nucleic Acid)

Subgroup	No. of Cases (%)	No. of Balanced Constitution /Unbalanced Constitution	Standardized Beta	95% CI	P
Overall	486		1	Ref.
Sex
Men	321 (66.0%)	164/157	0.17	0.50–2.22	0.00**
Women	165 (34.0%)	49/116	0.13	−0.16–2.04	0.09
Age
≥60 years	41 (8.4%)	11/30	0.20	−1.44 – 4.76	0.28
<60 years	445 (91.6%)	202/243	0.16	0.52–1.92	0.00**
BMI
≥28 kg/m^2	63 (13.0%)	31/32	0.09	−1.09–2.19	0.51
<28 kg/m^2	423 (87.0%)	182/241	0.18	0.62–2.10	0.00**
Smoking
With	153 (31.5%)	81/72	0.18	0.11–2.39	0.03*
Without	333 (68.5%)	132/201	0.17	0.45–2.16	0.00**
Chronic Disease
With	75 (15.4%)	36/39	0.16	−0.82–3.30	0.24
Without	411 (84.6%)	177/234	0.17	0.56–2.00	0.00**
Vaccination
With	454 (93.4%)	200/254	0.15	0.43–1.82	0.00**
Without	32 (6.6%)	13/19	0.38	−0.39–6.40	0.08

Notes: **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

Abbreviation: TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Table 6 Relationship Between the Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and the 7-Day Negative Conversion Rate of COVID-19 in Patients Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

TCM Constitution Type	No. of Cases (%)	OR	95% CI	P
Balanced constitution	213 (43.8%)	1	Ref.
Unbalanced constitution	273 (56.2%)	0.53	0.36–0.80	0.00**
Balanced constitution	213 (43.8%)	1	Ref.
Deficiency constitution	144 (29.6%)	0.62	0.39–1.00	0.05
Non-deficiency constitution	129 (26.5%)	0.45	0.28–0.74	0.00**
Balanced constitution	213 (43.8%)	1	Ref.
Qi-deficient constitution	50 (10.3%)	0.55	0.28–1.06	0.08
Yang-deficient constitution	67 (13.8%)	0.66	0.35–1.22	0.18
Yin-deficient constitution	27 (5.6%)	0.74	0.31–1.82	0.52
Phlegm-dampness constitution	25 (5.1%)	0.49	0.21–1.18	0.11
Damp-heat constitution	59 (12.1%)	0.33	0.18–0.60	0.00**
Stagnant blood constitution	8 (1.6%)	0.62	0.13–2.87	0.54
Stagnant qi constitution	29 (6.0%)	0.98	0.39–2.41	0.96
Inherited special constitution	8 (1.6%)	0.32	0.07–1.36	0.12

Note: **P < 0.01.

Abbreviation: TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 3 Relationship between the traditional Chinese medicine constitution and the 7-day negative conversion rate of COVID-19 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.