Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic, Clinical Characteristics, and MTB Result Among T Presumptive Children in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016–2019 (N = 7080)

Variables	Frequency	%
Gender
Male	3960	55.9
Female	3120	44.1
Age (years)
<5	1471	20.8
6–10	1781	25.2
11–15	2314	32.7
16–17	1514	21.4
HIV Status
Positive	514	5.1
Negative	850	12
Not documented	5866	82.9
Treatment History of Tuberculosis
New case	6828	96.4
Relapse	226	3.2
Lost/failure	26	0.4
Result of Gene-Xpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Positive	514	7.3
Negative	6566	92.7
Proportion of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis among Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive patients (N=514)
Rifampicin resistance tuberculosis detected	56	10.9
Rifampicin resistance tuberculosis not detected	458	89.1
Proportion of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis among Mycobacterium tuberculosis among all patients (N=7080)
Rifampicin resistance tuberculosis detected	58	0.8
Rifampicin resistance tuberculosis not detected	458	6.5

Table 2 Factors Associated with MTB Among TB Presumptive Children in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016–2019 (N = 7080)

Variables	MTB Pos. N (%)	MTB Neg. N (%)	COR (95% CI)	P value	AOR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Boys	257(6.5)	3703(93.5)	Ref		Ref
Girls	257(8.2)	2863(91.8)	1.30[1.08–1.55]	0.005*	1.34[1.12–1.60]	0.002*
Age (Years)
<5	73(5)	1398(95)	Ref		Ref
6–10	95(5.3)	1686(94.7)	1.08[0.79–1.48]	0.63	1.10[0.80–1.51]	0.55
11–15	195(8.4)	2119(91.6)	1.76[1.34–2.33]	<0.001	1.76[1.33–2.33]	<0.001
16–17	151(10)	1363(90)	2.12[1.59–2.83]	<0.001	2.18[1.63–2.92]	<0.001
HIV Status
Positive	30(8.2)	334(91.8)	Ref
Negative	82(9.6)	768(90.4)	0.84[0.54–1.30]	0.44
Not documented	402(6.9)	5464(93.1)	1.2[0.83–1.79]	0.31
Treatment History of MTB
New cases	477(7)	6351(93)	Ref		Ref
Relapse	27(11.9)	199(88.1)	1.81[1.20–2.73]	0.005	1.66[1.09–2.51]	0.017*
Lost/failure	10(38.5)	16(61.5)	8.32[3.77–18.44]	<0.001	8.82[3.94–19.76]	<0.001

Note: *Statistical significant.

Table 3 Factors Associated with RR-TB Among Xpert TB Positive Children in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016–2019 (N = 56)

Variables	RR-TB N (%)	Not RR-TB N (%)	COR (95% CI)	P value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Gender
Boys	30(11.7)	227(88.3)	Ref		Ref
Girls	26(10.1)	231(89.9)	0.85[0.49–1.49]	0.57
Age (years)
<5	3(4.1)	70(95.9)	Ref		Ref
6–10	10(10.5)	85(89.5)	2.75[0.73–10.36]	0.12	2.54[0.67–9.66]	0.17
11–15	24(12.3)	171(87.7)	3.28[0.96–11.23]	0.06	3.1[0.89–10.52]	0.08
16–17	19(12.6)	132(87.4)	3.36[0.96–11.74]	0.058	3.1[0.89–10.98]	0.06
HIV Status
Positive	4 (13.3)	26(86.7)	Ref
Negative	14 (17.1)	68(82.9)	1.34[0.40–4.44]	0.63
Not documented	38 (9.5)	364(90.5)	0.68[0.23–2.1]	0.49
TB Treatment History
New case	47(9.9)	430(90.1)	Ref		Ref
Relapse	7(25.9)	20(74.1)	3.2[1.29–7.97]	0.01*	2.94[1.18–7.36]	0.02*
Lost/failure	2(20)	8(80)	2.29[0.47–11.09]	0.30	2.26[0.46–11.2]	0.31

Note: *Statistical significant.

Figure 1 Prevalence of MTB and rifampicin-resistant TB among TB presumptive children and adolescent by year in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016–2019 (N=7080).