The Emerging Pathogen Candida metapsilosis: Biological Aspects, Virulence Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Figures & data

Figure 1 Comparison between the Candida albicans and Candida metapsilosis cell walls. C. metapsilosis cell wall contains a higher percentage of chitin and β-1,3-glucan, but less amount of mannans, phosphomannans, and proteins than C. albicans. Due to these differences, the C. metapsilosis cell wall porosity is significantly higher than in C. albicans. Created with BioRender.com.

Figure 2 Microscopic morphology of Candida metapsilosis. Yeast cells growing at 28 °C in Sabouraud medium, with the typical round or cylindrical cells.

Table 1 Prediction of Some Important Virulence Factors in Candida metapsilosis

Virulence factor	Candida albicans protein	Candida metapsilosis protein*	Candida orthopsilosis protein*	Candida parapsilosis protein*	E-value **	Similarity (%) **
Adhesins	Als1-Als6	I9W82_003103	CORT_0C04220	CPAR2_404790	0	68
	Eap1/Hwp1	I9W82_002101	CORT_0E03560	CPAR2_502140	1e-18	61
	Ecm33	I9W82_001077	CORT_0B09650	CPAR2_108560	0	82
	Iff4	I9W82_001243	CORT_0C02740	CPAR2_806410	3e-138	74
	Int1	I9W82_005436	CORT_0F00820	CPAR2_100700	0	61
	Mp65	I9W82_002854	CORT_0C06750	CPAR2_407410	4e-150	79
	Phr1	I9W82_003994	CORT_0E04260	CPAR2_302140	0	76
Biofilms	Bcr1	I9W82_003611	CORT_0D06130	CPAR2_205990	4e-13	61
	Brg1	I9W82_001022	CORT_0B09130	CPAR2_107940	2e-43	83
	Efg1	I9W82_003895	CORT_0G01760	CPAR2_701620	7e-99	67
	Hsp90	I9W82_003264	CORT_0G03310	CPAR2_703150	0	96
	Ndt80	I9W82_005636	CORT_0A00190	CPAR2_800080	4e-146	56
	Rob1	I9W82_003013	CORT_0C05180	CPAR2_405770	3e-14	45
	Csr1	I9W82_003436	CORT_0H02190	CPAR2_600610	6e-177	60
Dimorphism	Cph1	I9W82_005089	CORT_0A07880	CPAR2_208600	2e-166	61
	Hgc1	I9W82_005679	CORT_0B11290	CPAR2_110180	1e-144	70
	Nrg1	I9W82_004271	CORT_0F01430	CPAR2_300790	5e-42	93
	Tup1	I9W82_001169	CORT_0B10590	CPAR2_109520	0	79
Immune evasion	Hgt1	I9W82_001057	CORT_0B09440	CPAR2_108370	0	90
	Msb2	I9W82_004931	CORT_0A09600	CPAR2_210290	5e-92	70
	Pra1	No found	No found	No found	-	-
Phospholipase and proteinase	Lip5-8	I9W82_003269 I9W82_002019	CORT_0G03370 CORT_0B01380	CPAR2_703200 CPAR2_501220	0	74
	Sap1-3	I9W82_000494	CORT_0B03690	CPAR2_102410	5e-116	64
	Sap5	I9W82_000510	CORT_0B03820	CPAR2_102410	1e-97	57
	Plb1	I9W82_001712	CORT_0F02750	CPAR2_601760	6e-72	73
	Plb2	I9W82_001713	CORT_0F02740	CPAR2_601730	0	76
	Plb3-4	I9W82_003857	CORT_0G01310	CPAR2_701140	0	78
	Plb5	I9W82_000341	CORT_0A04690	CPAR2_804680	0	74
Thermotolerance	Hsp60	I9W82_002499	CORT_0D03130	CPAR2_203040	0	89
	Hsp104	I9W82_002374	CORT_0D04420	CPAR2_204330	0	91
	Ssa1	I9W82_000927	CORT_0A13190	CPAR2_106940	0	93

Notes: *Protein nomenclature corresponds to accession codes of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The putative protein sequence encoded by the C. albicans gene was subjected to a standard protein BLAST analysis at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. **When comparing the encoded protein of C. metapsilosis with the putative ortholog in C. albicans. The best hit is reported in the C. metapsilosis protein column, and this was scored with the lowest E value. The similarity column refers to the comparison of amino acid sequences from the C. albicans encoded protein and the best hit.