Mechanism of Qiguiyin Decoction Sensitizing Levofloxacin Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection Based on PK-PD and Antibody Chip Technology

Figures & data

Table 1 The PK Parameters of LVFX Group and LVFX-QGYD Group in the MDR PA-Infected Rats. (n=6, Mean±SD)

Parameter	Unit	LVFX Group	LVFX-QGYD Group
AUC0-24	ug/mL*h	36.48±5.00	32.00±0.62
AUC0-∞	ug/mL*h	47.50±8.52	34.03±2.43*
MRT0-24	h	6.18±0.35	7.59±0.17**
MRT0-∞	h	17.14±7.16	11.86±1.00
t1/2	h	15.60±8.27	5.65±1.41*
Tmax	h	0.46±0.10	1.42±0.38**
Vd/F	mL/kg	35.88±14.61	18.53±3.12*
CL/F	mL/h/kg	1.70±0.38	2.31±0.15**
Cmax	ug/mL	10.32±0.71	4.45±0.75**

Notes: ∞, the complete elimination of the drug from the body; *P < 0.05, versus the LVFX group; **P < 0.01, versus the LVFX group.

Abbreviations: AUC_0-24, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours; AUC_0-∞, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to∞; MRT_0-24, mean residence time from 0 to 24 hours; MRT_0-∞, mean residence timefrom 0 to∞; t_1/2, biological half life; T_max, peak time; V_d/F, volume of distribution adjusted for bioavailability; CL/F, clearance adjusted for bioavailability; C_max, peak concentration.

Figure 1 The model-fitting results of LVFX group (A) and LVFX-QGYD group (B). (AIC, akaike information criterion; R², determination coefficient).

Figure 2 Plasma concentration versus time profiles of LVFX group and LVFX-QGYD group.

Figure 3 The average bacteriostatic effect versus time curves of the LVFX group and LVFX-QGYD group.

Table 2 The PK-PD Parameters of LVFX Group

Parameter	Estimate	Stderr	CV%	2.5% CI	97.5% CI
EC50	0.75	0.23	30.42	0.19	1.31
N	0.93	0.25	27.09	0.31	1.55
Emax	81.25	8.94	11.01	59.37	103.13

Abbreviations: EC₅₀, integration concentration value at 50% of the maximum efficacy; N=Gamma, the shape factor of an S-shaped curve; E_max, maximum effect of the drug; Stderr, standard deviation; CV%, coefficient of variation; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 The PK-PD Parameters of LVFX-QGYD Group

Parameter	Estimate	Stderr	CV%	2.5% CI	97.5% CI
EC50	2.94	0.25	8.55	2.3	3.59
N	2.06	0.46	22.22	0.88	3.24
E0	38.3	2.41	6.3	32.1	44.51
Emax	46.8	6.55	13.99	29.97	63.64

Abbreviations: EC₅₀, integration concentration value at 50% of the maximum efficacy; N=Gamma, the shape factor of an S-shaped curve; E₀, basic pharmacological effect value; E_max, maximum effect of the drug; Stderr, standard deviation; CV%, coefficient of variation; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 4 Expressions of serum inflammatory cytokines in each group. (Bars represent mean ± SD (N = 4, per group). *P < 0.05, versus the control group; **P < 0.01, versus the control group; ^#P < 0.05, versus the model group; ^##P < 0.01, versus the model group; ^ΔΔP < 0.01, versus the LVFX group).