Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Wad Medani, Sudan: A Three Years, Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Isolated Uropathogens Among the Three Years

Isolated Bacteria	2021 N (%)	2022 N (%)	2023 N (%)	Total N (%)
Gram-negative	65 (52)	313 (47.3)	208 (64.8)	586 (52.9)
Escherichia coli	48 (38.4)	226 (34.1)	153 (47.7)	427 (38.5)
Klebsiella species	10 (8)	30 (4.5)	20 (6.2)	60 (5.4)
Coliform^a	3 (2.4)	36 (5.4)	22 (6.9)	61 (5.5)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	4 (3.2)	21 (3.2)	13 (4)	38 (3.4)
Gram-positive	60 (48)	349 (52.7)	113 (35.2)	522 (47.1)
Staphylococcus aureus	55 (44)	317 (47.9)	93 (29)	465 (42)
Streptococcus species	5 (4)	32 (4.9)	20 (6.2)	57 (5.2)
Total	125 (11.3)	662 (59.7)	321 (29)	1108

Notes: ^aIncluded bacteria species of genera other than E. coli and Klebsiella (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, etc.).

Table 2 Uropathogens in Different Age Groups and Sex in the Study Population

Isolated Bacteria	18–29 Years		30–44 Years		45–59 Years		≥ 60 Year		Total
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
Gram-negative	30 (13.64)	77 (8.67)	30 (13.64)	102 (11.49)	20 (9.09)	116 (13.06)	82 (37.27)	129 (14.53)	586 (52.89)
Escherichia coli	24 (10.90)	62 (7)	21 (9.54)	75 (8.44)	6 (2.73)	86 (9.68)	53 (24.09)	100 (11.26)	427 (38.54)
Klebsiella spp.	4 (1.82)	4 (0.45)	3 (1.36)	11 (1.24)	6 (2.73)	11 (1.24)	8(35.45)	13 (1.46)	60 (5.41)
Coliform^a	0	9 (1.01)	2 (0.91)	11 (1.24)	4 (1.82)	15 (1.69)	9 (4.09)	11 (1.24)	61 (5.50)
Pseudomonas	2 (0.91)	2 (0.22)	4 (1.82)	5 (0.56)	4 (1.82)	4 (0.45)	12 (5.54)	5 (0.56)	38 (3.43)
Gram-positive	11 (5)	64 (7.21)	11 (5)	124 (13.96)	15 (6.82)	161 (18.13)	21 (1.82)	115 (12.95)	522 (47.11)
S. aureus	10 (4.54)	61 (6.87)	8 (3.64)	113 (12.73)	13 (5.91)	140 (15.76)	21 (1.82)	99 (11.15)	465 (41.96)
Streptococcus spp	1 (0.45)	3 (0.34)	3 (1.36)	11 (1.24)	2 (0.91)	21 (2.36)	0	16 (1.8)	57 (5.14)
Total	41 (18.64)	141 (15.88)	41 (18.64)	226 (25.45)	35 (15.91)	277 (31.19)	103 (46.82)	244 (27.48)	1108

Notes: ^aColiform Bacteria: include species of the genera other than E.coli and Klebsiella (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia. etc.).

Table 3 Sensitivity of Gram Positive Bacteria to Different Antimicrobial Agents

Antibiotic	S. aureus	Streptococcus Species
Cotrimoxazole	20.7% (80/386)	22% (11/50)
Tetracycline	45.7% (100/219)	51.35% (19/37)
Ciprofloxacin	73% (294/403)	46% (23/50)
Levofloxacin	75.2% (124/165)	72.41 (22/29)
Chloramphenicol	76% (146/192)	92.85% (26/28)
Ofloxacin	54.1% (79/146)	73.9% (17/23)
Amikacin	94.1% (144/153)	73.9% (17/23)
Nitrofurantoin	53.5% (76/142)	72.7% (16/22)
Norfloxacin	52.7% (194/368)	46.5% (20/43)
Amoxicillin/clavulanic	NA	45% (9/20)
Ampicillin	NA	40% (8/20)

Abbreviations: S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; NA, Not applicable.

Figure 1 Overall Gram-positive strains’ sensitivity to common antibiotics tested.

Table 4 Sensitivity of Gram Negative Bacteria to Different Antimicrobial Agents

Antibiotic Species	Escherichia coli	P. aeruginosa	Klebsiella spp	Coliform^a
Ampicillin/sulbactam	25.4% (49/193)	NA	36% (9/25)	35% (14/40)
Cotrimoxazole	34.7% (139/401)	NA	42.1% (24/57)	34.4% (21/61)
Tetracycline	39.6% (99/250)	NA	75.6% (31/41)	45.5% (20/44)
Cefotaxime	55.7% (124/225)	NA	32.4% (11/34)	25% (7/28)
Ciprofloxacin	73% (254/348)	66.7% (18/27)	77.5% (31/40)	69.6% (39/56)
Levofloxacin	77.3% (157/203)	72.2% (13/18)	76.9% (20/26)	65% (26/40)
Chloramphenicol	87.8% (166/189)	NA	83.3% (20/24)	65% (26/40)
Ofloxacin	59.4% (114/192)	31.3% (5/16)	61.5% (16/26)	31.65 (12/38)
Amikacin	91.2% (239/262)	89.3% (25/28)	97.7% (43/44)	90.7% (39/43)
Nitrofurantoin	57.5% (104/181)	NA	47.6% (10/21)	50% (17/34)
Norfloxacin	60.5% (204/337)	45.8% (11/24)	64.1% (25/39)	55.1% (27/49)
Amoxicillin/clavulanic	7.7% (12/155)	NA	10.5% (2/19)	11.8 (2/17)
Ampicillin	6.2% (13/210)	NA	0% (0/31)	9.5% (2/21)
Ceftriaxone	44.2% (88/199)	NA	44.4% (12/27)	57.9% (22/38)

Notes: ^aIncluded bacteria species of genera other than E. coli and Klebsiella (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, etc.).

Abbreviations: P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; NA, Not applicable.

Figure 2 Overall Gram-negative strains’ sensitivity to common antibiotics tested.

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.