Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: epidemiology and disease control measures

Figures & data

Figure 1 A map of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showing the main cities described in this paper:Riyadh (the capital); Al-Hasa (2013 outbreak); Jeddah (2014 outbreak); Hafr Al-Batin(community cluster); and the holy Cities (Makkah and Madinah).

Table 1 A summary of demographics of major MERS-CoV studies

Number of cases	Median age (range) years	Male-to-female ratio	Percentage asymptomatic	Percentage severe cases	Case fatality rate (%)	Reference
23	56 (24–94)	2.8:1	0	100	65	^Citation6
47	NA	3.3:1	0	100	60	^Citation7
133	NA	1.5:1	13.5	86.5	45	^Citation9
161	50 (14–94)	1.8:1	11.1	63.4	–	^Citation10
402	46 (0.75–94)	1.4:1	28.6	44.5	28.3	^Citation11
113	41 (0.25–89)	1.3:1	28.9	NA	30	^Citation12

Abbreviations: MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus;NA, not available.

Table 2 A summary of the serology results of juvenile and adult (>2 years old) camelsin different studies

Juvenile		Adult		P-value	Country	Reference
Total tested	Percent positive	Total tested	Percent positive
65	72	245	95	0.0001	Saudi Arabia	^Citation16
8	13	97	14	1.0	Spain	^Citation17
31	93	157	97	0.325	Ethiopia	^Citation18
46	30	158	54	0.007	Tunisia	^Citation18
104	55	98	95	0.0001	Saudi Arabia	^Citation19
21	76	23	91	0.237	Saudi Arabia	^Citation19
56	72	26	92	0.04	Saudi Arabia	^Citation19

Figure 2 A graph showing the total number of tested camels and the percentage positive.

Note: x-axis shows the country of testing (reference number).

Abbreviation: UAE, United Arab Emirates.

AssiriAMcGeerAPerlTMKSA MERS-CoV Investigation TeamHospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndromecoronavirusN Engl J Med2013369540741623782161

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AssiriAAl-TawfiqJAAl-RabeeahAAEpidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases ofMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptivestudyLancet Infect Dis201313975276123891402

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

PenttinenPMKaasik-AaslavKFriauxATaking stock of the first 133 MERS coronavirus cases globally – Isthe epidemic changing?Euro Surveill20131839pii: 20596

 Google Scholar

The Who Mers-Cov Research GroupState of Knowledge and Data Gaps of Middle East Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus (MERS-CoV) in HumansPLoS Curr20135

 Google Scholar

World Health OrganizationMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – updateGenevaWorld Health Organization2014 Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_06_13_mers/en/Date accessed July 16, 2014

 Google Scholar

World Health OrganizationMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – updateGenevaWorld Health Organization2014 Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_06_26/en/Date accessed July 16, 2014

 Google Scholar

HemidaMGPereraRAWangPMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence indomestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013Euro Surveill201318502065924342517

 PubMedGoogle Scholar

ReuskenCBHaagmansBLMüllerMAMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodiesin dromedary camels: a comparative serological studyLancet Infect Dis2013131085986623933067

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

ReuskenCBMessadiLFeyisaAGeographic distribution of MERS coronavirus among dromedary camels,AfricaEmerg Infect Dis20142081370137425062254

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

AlagailiANBrieseTMishraNMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camelsin Saudi ArabiaMBio201452e008841424570370

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar